Background: Milk's composition is an excellent substrate for microorganism's multiplication. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus and aerobic mesophilic bacteria are one of the most common problems in dairy farms. On dairy industry's and milk farms Clean in Place (CIP) system higyenization are commonly used, then the cleaning occurs as a closed process, for better results sanitizans are applied, in order to obtain a safety food. This project aim to evaluate Staphylococcus aureus and aerobic mesophilic bacteria reduction after two milking higyenization process. Materials, Methods & Results:This research was done on a Rio Grande do Sul North Milk farm, with mechanized milking and Clean in Place system for cleaning. For liners and CIP tubes higyenization commercial products as Sodium Hipoclorite 3% and phosphoric acid 11.3% are used for detergency, and peracetic acid 5% for sanitization. Milk bunk tank are higyenized with sodium hypoclorite 3.8% alcalin detergent. After higyenization steps liners, CIP's water process, bulk milk tank and milk set were collected. At process 1, liners and CIP water were collected after milking, detergency and sanitization that occurred immediately at the detergency's finish, while process 2 the sanitization was realized 8 h after detergency, before following milking. Cooling milk bulk tank was collected before and after detergency, and milk set after milkings Convencional microbiology were used to count and results in log10 UFC.cm -2 . In CIP water's after process 1 was 3.81 log 10 reduction to aerobic mesophilic bacteria (P > 0.05) and reducing 4.51 log 10 (P = 0.03). Meanwhile there was no significant reduction for mesophilic aerobic bacteria and S. aureus on the others samples (liners, bulk milk tank and milk set). Discussion: This results show the maintenance of milking machine contamination, and that even bacterial load reduced among hygienization steps this was not significant, suggesting that deteriorate and pathogenic microorganisms can remain on milk produced. Highlights are teat taps of milking machine as the major cause of contamination among cows. The results are worrying because Staphylococcus aureus contamination, once this bacteria causes alimentar diseases, even after higyenization process, which can damage public health that can reflect milk chain economically. Since amount of this microorganism found in milk is already sufficient to synthesize enterotoxins. In addition, resistance to disinfectants is another concern, as it may result in resistance to antimicrobial agents. So reduction of bacteria level among cleaning steps there was no significance, once the products and equipments on dairy and farms act as a constant elimination point of deteriorate and pathogenic microorganisms for the final product, milk. The results obtained aim to aprimorate. hygienization processes on milk chain, in order to obtain a hygienic sanitary good product.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main agents isolated from bovine mastitis cases, characterized by lower cure rates compared to other pathogens causing this disease. This phenomenon is mainly explained by the multiresistance acquisition to antimicrobials and the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. In this work 15 samples of S. aureus isolated from the automated milking facility were analyzed regarding the resistance profile to antimicrobials, virulence factors (capsule production, hemolysin, and protease) and adhesion capacity under different temperatures (42±1°C, 36±1°C, 25±1°C, 9±1°C, and 3±1°C). All isolates showed methicillin-resistant (MRSA) characteristics and multidrug resistance profile to the antimicrobials tested (penicillin G, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, sulfa + trimetropim, gentamicin, doxycycline, ceftiofur, neomycin, and vancomycin) with an IRMA index between 0.5 and 1.0. Five isolates were resistant to vancomycin (VRSA), two were resistant to all active principles, and the others to at least six of these drugs. Adhesion capacity and biofilm formation were found in 3 of the 5 evaluated temperatures, including the cooling conditions. Regarding the virulence factors, 86.7% of the isolates formed capsules, 60% revealed the presence of protease, 26.7% expressed the α-hemolysin factor, and 13.3% of them presented β-hemolysin. The fact that all isolates presented MRSA characteristics represents a potential risk to those exposed to this agent, and the formation of biofilm in liners even after the use of detergents and sanitization highlights the urgency of searching for alternatives for dispersion of the biofilm by S. aureusin the automated milking facility.

A Salmonella pode estar presente em carcaças suínas ao final da tecnologia de abate, sendo que não existem procedimentos de inspeção especificamente direcionados para o controle desta bactéria, consideradas um risco potencial para a saúde pública. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a presença de Salmonella em carcaças suínas e caracterizar os pontos críticos de controle (PCCs) da tecnologia de abate como subsídio ao sistema APPCC. Foram realizados swabs de carcaças após a escaldagem/depilação, antes da evisceração, após evisceração e serragem da carcaça e após 24 horas de refrigeração, gerando 120 amostras (30 carcaças de cinco lotes). Isolou-se Salmonella em 53,3% dos PCs analisados, sendo 40% antes da eviscerarão e 30% após a escaldagem/depilação e evisceração/serragem. Nas carcaças resfriadas por 24 horas não foi isolada Salmonella. Os sorovares identificados foram Typhimurium (96,7 %) e Panama (3,22%). O isolamento de Salmonella reforça a necessidade de programas de monitoria da bactéria, desde as granjas até os abatedouros, enquanto o não isolamento nas carcaças resfriadas indica a importância da lavagem final e adequação da cadeia do frio, o que minimiza a contaminação pela intensificação das medidas de higiene e controle de pontos críticos para subsidiar o sistema APPCC.