Human cysticercosis is an endemic zoonosis caused by the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs, a flat-bodied worm of the cestode group capable of lodging in various types of tissue such as muscles, heart, eyes and, above all, brain, which can cause serious consequences to the health of the host. Therefore, this literature review aims to highlight the general aspects of cysticercosis and present the epidemiological evidence published on the subject. This parasitic disease most prevalently affects residents of rural areas due to their proximity to pig farming. Despite the extensive knowledge about the relationship between this parasite and its hosts, there is a notable lack of recent epidemiological studies and prophylactic programs regarding this pathology, making it an important and neglected public health problem for all endemic areas. Currently, there is no national T. solium control program established in the affected areas, which highlights the need to identify strategies appropriate to the epidemiological scenario.