Stigma toward mental disorders is one of today's most pressing global issues. The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated the barriers to social inclusion faced by individuals with mental disorders. Concurrently, stigma reduction interventions, especially those aimed at university students, have been more difficult to implement given social distancing and campus closures. As a result, alternative delivery for programs contributing to stigma reduction is required, such as online implementation. This paper reports the results of a controlled study focused on an online multi-component program on reducing stigma toward mental illness that included project-based learning, clinical simulations with standardized patients and E-Contact with real patients. A total of 40 undergraduate students from the Universidad del Desarrollo in Santiago, Chile, participated in the study. They were randomly divided between an intervention and control group. The intervention group participated in the online multi-component program, while the control group participated in an online educational program on cardiovascular health. We assessed the impact of the program by using the validated Spanish-language versions of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 and the Questionnaire on Student Attitudes toward Schizophrenia with both groups, before and after the intervention. In addition, an ad hoc Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5 was used with the intervention group in order to assess the learning strategies implemented. Following the intervention, the participants belonging to the intervention group displayed significantly lower levels of stereotypes, perception of dangerousness, and global score toward people with schizophrenia (p < 0.001). In addition, participants presented lower levels of dangerousness-fear, avoidance, coercion, lack of solidarity, and global score (p < 0.001). The control group displayed no statistically significant differences in the level of stigma before and after the evaluation, for all of the items assessed. Finally, the overall assessment of each of the components of the program was highly positive. In conclusion, the study shows that online programs can contribute to reducing stigma toward mental disorders. The program assessed in this study had a positive impact on all the dimensions of stigma and all of the components of the program itself were positively evaluated by the participants.

Objetivo: dar a conocer los principales aspectos del concentimiento informado (CI) en la investigación en salud a través de una revisión de literatura en bases de datos. Método: se analizaron los elementos de su origen y evolución, los principios éticos involucrados (autonomía, beneficencia y justicia), elementos característicos claves como divulgación, comprensión, capacidad de consentir o decidir y voluntariedad. Resultados: en enfermería y otras disciplinas, la aplicación del CI no se encuentra exenta de conflictos tales como validez del proceso a través del tiempo, capacidad de comprender la información entregada, coerción con minorías, miedo a los efectos de la intervención o el procedimiento, y desconfianza respecto a lo que realmente se hará. Conclusión: se concluye que contar con la manifestación expresa de una persona a participar libre y voluntariamente de una investigación, y conocer las condiciones, los beneficios y los riesgos que esta involucra; garantiza la completa consideración de los principios éticos en el cuidado holístico de las personas.

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