The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) with multiple sessions of low-level laser on the alveolar repair process of rats with major risk factors for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Senile rats received 0.45 mL of vehicle (VEH and VEH-PBM) or 0.45 mL of 100 μg/kg zoledronate (ZOL and ZOL-PBM) administrated intraperitoneally every two days during seven weeks. After three weeks of initiation of drug treatment the first lower left molar was extracted. No local treatment was performed in VEH and ZOL. VEH-PBM and ZOL-PBM were submitted to laser irradiation (660 ± 10 nm; 0.035 W; 2.1 J; 60 s) on the extraction site at 0, 2 and 4 days postoperatively. Euthanasia was performed 28 days after tooth extraction. Histological sections of the hemimandible were submitted to histopathological and histomorphometric analysis, as well as to histochemistry for collagen fiber maturation and immunohistochemistry for pro-inflammatory cytokines. In ZOL, general impairment of tissue repair, areas with osteonecrosis, lower newly formed bone tissue (NFBT), smaller amount of mature collagen fibers and increased immunoreactivity for TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 were observed when compared to VEH and VEH-PBM. ZOL-PBM showed significant improvement in some parameters compared to ZOL, such as positive repair tissue, higher NFBT, greater amount of mature collagen fibers, besides TNFα and IL-1β immunoreactivity decrease. Zoledronate treatment severely compromised the tissue repair process of the tooth extraction site in rats with major risk factors for MRONJ. Based on parameters employed in the present study, PBM in multiple sessions can improve the alveolar repair process, constituting a promising preventive therapy to avoid the onset of post-extraction MRONJ.

BackgroundThe state of art of tissue grafting allows significant improvements in the soft tissue phenotype. The importance of appropriate soft tissue phenotype around implants is supported by recent literature. The present case report aims to describe the application of a modified one‐stage technique of laterally positioned flap with sub‐epithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence in the esthetic zone.Methods and ResultsA 38‐year‐old female presented 4 years following prosthetic restoration, with a localized soft tissue defect in height and thickness at the buccal aspect of the implant at #11, and the abutment exposed to the oral cavity. Incisions with internal and external bevels were performed in the medial and distal margins of the dehiscence, respectively, toward the alveolar mucosa. After intrasulcular incision, the area was de‐epithelialized and a split thickness flap from mesial #11 to distal #14 was elevated. A tunnel was prepared at #21. CTG was stabilized mesially, within the tunnel prepared, and distally, through simple interrupted sutures. Vertical compressive sutures were performed on the CTG. The flap was laterally positioned and secured by means of suspended sutures. Healing was uneventful, increased thickness and height of the peri‐implant mucosa were observed, with great esthetic outcome. The soft tissue margin was stable at the 5‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThe technique described in this case report showed promising results for covering exposed implant abutment in the esthetic zone, as well as for modification of the soft tissue phenotype around dental implants.Key pointsWhy is this case new information A modified one‐stage technique that allows coverage of exposed metallic displays of titanium implants while modifying the soft tissue phenotype in the esthetic zone.What are the keys to successful management of this case? Meticulous incisions and internal and external bevels. Adequate elevation to allow repositioning without tension. Adequate graft size that extends through all the recipient bed; and tension‐free suture. What are the primary limitations to success in this case? Presence of an implant installed in a non‐satisfactory three‐dimensional position. And poor hygiene and plaque accumulation postoperatively.