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RESUMO(Estrutura, diversidade e padrões espaciais em uma parcela permanente de fl oresta alta de Restinga no Sudeste do Brasil) Nós investigamos a estrutura, diversidade e distribuição de espécies arbóreas em uma parcela de 10,24 ha de uma fl oresta alta de Restinga (FAR) ). A riqueza média foi menor que outros tipos de fl orestas tropicais e outras FAR amostradas em menor intensidade, provavelmente pela juventude e hidromorfi a dos solos na área de estudo. A densidade, área basal, composição e diversidade arbórea variaram consideravelmente de acordo com a classe de tamanho considerada. A parcela estudada teve uma densidade similar a outras fl orestas tropicais, mas com menor área basal (menos indivíduos > 60 cm de diâmetro) e maior densidade de árvores pequenas. Fustes múltiplos não foram frequentes (11% dos indivíduos), mas foram comuns entre as espécies (74% das espécies). A distribuição espacial foi predominantemente agregada, um padrão comum a outros tipos de fl orestas tropicais. Além do substrato arenoso, a parcela estudada e outras fl orestas de areia branca do mundo tiveram padrões muito similares de estrutura, riqueza e diversidade. Assim, consideramos a FAR como um subtipo evidente de fl oresta de areia branca. Palavras ABSTRACT(Structure, composition, and diversity of a high Restinga forest in the Southern Atlantic Forest) We assessed the structure, diversity and distribution of tree species in a 10.24-ha permanent plot of high Restinga forest (HRF) in southeastern Brazil. We sampled 15,040 individuals belonging to 45 families, 87 genera and 116 species (density= 1,468 trees ha -1 , and basal area= 28.0 m 2 ha -1 ). Mean richness was lower than other types of tropical forests and other HRFs that have been less intensively sampled, which is probably due to the younger age and hydromorphy of the soils in the study site. Tree density, basal area, species composition, and diversity all varied considerably depending on the size class considered. The studied plot had a density similar to other tropical forests but with a smaller basal area (fewer individuals > 60 cm in diameter), and higher density of smaller trees. Multi-stemmed individuals were not frequent (11% of the trees), though they were widespread among species (74% of the species). Spatial distribution was predominantly clumped, a pattern common to other types of tropical forests. Besides growing over white-sand soils, the PEIC plot and other white-sand forests of the world also had very similar patterns of community structure, richness and diversity. Therefore, we consider the HRF as a recognizable subtype of white-sand forest.

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Sloanea L. is the largest genus of Elaeocarpaceae in the New World and their species occurs from Mexico to Southern of Brazil. During the revision of the genus that we made for extra-Amazonian region of Brazil it was detected the need to organize its nomenclature, carried out in the present study which resulted in 48 valid names, 15 lectotypes here designated, 4 new synonyms and one illegitimate name. Additional comments on the genus, its geographical distribution, habitat type and season of flowering and fruiting are also provided.

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