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We present some numerical results for the linear dynamics of nanobeams modulated by an axial force, basing on a recent proposal of literature that encompasses both the standard nonlocal elasticity, according to Eringen, and second-order strain elasticity. Three different possibilities for the elastic potential energy provide different responses that highlight the contributions of nonlocality and strain gradient, plus their combination. An axial force affects the linear stationary dynamics of such nanobeams, inducing suitable variation of the natural angular frequencies for benchmark cases, until static buckling occurs when the natural angular frequency vanishes. Effects of the various elastic potentials on this modulation are investigated and thoroughly commented.

This paper investigates swelling-induced shaping in bilayered thin plates. Sphere-like and nearly developable shapes are realized and the ability to control a specific shaping, shifting from one shape to another, under anisotropic swelling is investigated. It is shown that reinforcing fibers can be crucial in controlling shaping under swelling and dramatically affect the characteristics of the final shapes.

We investigate the morphing of bilayer naturally curved beams and cylinders due to oil extraction from the outer layers. We fabricate bilayer naturally curved beams and cylindrical shells made of PDMS/(PDMS + silicone oil), use the experimental results to validate an explicit formula delivering the change in curvature of the beams, based on the modeling of oil extraction as a bulk contraction. We show as the same model, set up within a 3D context, delivers the morphing of bilayer cylinders and identify potentially interesting results for designing future experiments. In particular, we show as stable states corresponding to the original cylinders can be got in the form of saddle-like shells and cylinders with the axes of principal curvatures switched with respect to the original axes.