This article describes
the iron-catalyzed hydrogenation of unactivated
amides. Under the optimal conditions, a PNP-ligated Fe catalyst affords
25–300 turnovers of products derived from C–N bond cleavage.
This reaction displays a broad substrate scope, including a variety
of 2° and 3° amide substrates. The reaction progress of N,N-dimethylformamide hydrogenation has been monitored in
situ using Raman spectroscopy. This technique enables direct comparison
of the relative activity of the Fe-PNP catalyst to that of its Ru
analogue. Under otherwise identical conditions, the Fe and Ru catalysts
exhibit rates within a factor of 2.
The cationic rhodium complexes (dppe)Rh(COD)BF4 and
(MeCN)2Rh(COD)BF4 have been supported in metal–organic
frameworks bearing anionic nodes (ZJU-28) and anionic linkers (MIL-101-SO3) via ion exchange. These MOF-supported Rh species serve as
recyclable catalysts for the hydrogenation of both the terminal alkene
substrate 1-octene and the internal alkene substrate 2,3-dimethylbutene.
The nature of the MOF support impacts various aspects of catalysis,
including: (i) the rate of 1-octene hydrogenation, (ii) the activity
and recyclability of the catalyst in 2,3-dimethylbutene hydrogenation,
and (iii) the size selectivity of hydrogenation with alkene substrates
appended to calixarenes.
This study of the electronic characteristics of (3-iminophosphine)allylpalladium triflate complexes has yielded catalysts with moderate to high activity for the hydroamination of monosubstituted allenes utilizing a wide range of amines. Herein, a new series of these catalysts was synthesized by varying the group on the imine moiety in order to explore the effect of the electronics of the ligand's imine on the catalytic activity for intermolecular hydroamination reactions. Four amine substrates were examined in the catalytic hydroamination of cyclohexylallene, and apparent first-order rate constants were obtained by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic isotope effect studies were also performed in order to support a new proposed catalytic cycle in the hydroamination of cyclohexylallene with secondary amines using [(3IP)Pd(allyl)]OTf catalysts.
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