Purpose To assess tumor subtype distribution and the relative contribution of clinical and sociodemographic factors on breast cancer survival between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Methods We analyzed data from the California Cancer Registry, which included 29,626 Hispanic and 99,862 NHW female invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed from 2004–2014. Logistic regression was used to assess ethnic differences in tumor subtype, and Cox proportional hazard modeling to assess differences in breast cancer survival. Results Hispanics compared to NHWs had higher odds of having triple negative (OR=1.29; 95% CI, 1.23–1.35) and HER2-overexpressing tumors (OR=1.19; 95% CI, 1.14–1.25 [HR−] and OR=1.39; 95% CI, 1.31–1.48 [HR+]). In adjusted models, Hispanic women had a higher risk of breast cancer mortality than NHW women (mortality rate ratio [MRR]=1.24; 95% CI, 1.19–1.28). Clinical factors accounted for most of the mortality difference (MRR=1.05; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.09); however, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health insurance together accounted for all of the mortality difference (MRR=1.01; 95% CI, 0.97–1.05). Conclusions Addressing SES disparities, including increasing access to health care, may be critical to overcoming poorer breast cancer outcomes in Hispanics.

Background Sleep disturbance (SD) is an important part of the burden of atopic dermatitis (AD), but patient-reported outcomes that are easy to understand and interpret in the target population have been lacking. A daily, single-item, selfreported SD 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) was recently developed to assess SD for patients with moderate-to-severe AD, but its psychometric properties have not yet been described. Objectives To assess the psychometric properties of the SD NRS in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods The psychometric properties of the SD NRS were assessed using data from a phase IIb clinical trial in 218 adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Results Test-retest reliability of the SD NRS was substantial to almost perfect (interclass correlation 0Á66-1Á00) in participants who had stable SD or stable pruritus scores over 1 week. Baseline correlations were moderate to large (r > 0Á30) between SD NRS and pruritus or sleep loss scores, but were small (r = À0Á11 to 0Á17) between SD NRS and EQ-5D-3L index and visual analogue scores, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis, and Investigator's Global Assessment. The SD NRS could discriminate groups of participants in the expected direction according to different quality-of-life scores but not according to different clinician-reported disease severity scores. SD NRS scores significantly decreased as sleep loss, itch and quality-of-life scores improved. Analysis of meaningful change suggested a 2-5-point improvement as the initial range of responder definition in the SD NRS score. Conclusions The SD NRS is a reliable, valid and responsive measure of SD in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.What is already known about this topic?• Sleep disturbance (SD) is a dynamic, multidimensional concept resulting in daytime fatigue and subsequent changes in physical and mental health that vary from day to day.• SD is an important part of the burden of atopic dermatitis, but ways of effectively and reliably measuring it from the patient perspective have been lacking.• A self-reported, daily, 11-point SD numerical rating scale (NRS) was recently developed for assessing SD in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, and its content validity was previously established.

Prostate-specific antigen screening has declined in the Unites States with a subsequent sharp drop in the incidence of screen-detected localized prostate cancer. The incidence of men presenting with metastatic disease seems to be rising recently, and men should continue to discuss the benefits of PSA screening with their primary care doctor.

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The proportion of HCC cases diagnosed early, and the 2- and 5-year survival trends of all HCC patients have increased in California since 1988. It is not entirely clear whether better diagnostic imaging or better surveillance has led to these findings and whether earlier diagnosis has led to improved patient survival. This increase in survival among patients with HCC may be correlated with the innovation of new treatments and most importantly that patients are being diagnosed earlier to receive such treatments.