A large area of the terrestrial land surface is used for livestock grazing. Trees on grazing lands provide and can enhance multiple ecosystem services such as provisioning, cultural and regulating, that include carbon sequestration. In this study, we assessed the above- and belowground carbon stocks across six different land-uses in livestock-dominated landscapes of Mexico. We measured tree biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in fodder banks, live fences, pasturelands with dispersed trees, secondary forests, and primary forests from three different geographical regions and compared them with conventional open pasturelands respectively. We also calculated tree diversity indices for each land-use and their similarity with native primary forests. The aboveground woody biomass stocks differed significantly between land-uses and followed the gradient from less diverse conventional open pasturelands to silvopastoral systems and ecologically complex primary forests. The SOC stocks showed a differential response to the land-use gradient dependent on the study region. Multivariate analyses showed that woody biomass, fine root biomass, and SOC concentrations were positively related, while land-use history and soil bulk density showed an inverse relationship to these variables. Silvopastoral systems and forest remnants stored 27–163% more carbon compared to open pasturelands. Our results demonstrate the importance of promoting appropriate silvopastoral systems and conserving forest remnants within livestock-dominated landscapes as a land-based carbon mitigation strategy. Furthermore, our findings also have important implications to help better manage livestock-dominated landscapes and minimize pressures on natural protected areas and biodiversity in the hotspots of deforestation for grassland expansion.
La densidad de madera es un parámetro fundamental para la estimación precisa de biomasa arbórea en ecosistemas forestales. La selva subperennifolia del sureste mexicano se caracteriza por la alta diversidad arbórea, por lo cual es necesario estudiar las variaciones de densidad de madera. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la variación de densidad de madera de las especies dominantes de la selva subperennifolia y generar modelos de regresión con el grosor diamétrico de madera. Se colectaron 3 260 muestras de madera de 23 especies, en tres categorías diamétricas (gruesa, mediana y delgada). Se midió el volumen de madera con la técnica de desplazamiento de fluidos y se determinó la masa seca en un horno a 70 ºC por 72 horas. La densidad de madera secalculó como la proporción de masa entre volumen. La densidad de madera varió significativamente entre las especies, siendo la mayor Gymnanthes lucida Sw., con 0.85 g/cm3 y la menor Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg, con 0.37 g/cm3. El análisis de regresión demostró que 20 de 23 especies presentaron una relación positiva entre la densidad de madera y el tamaño diamétrico. Se concluyó que la densidad de la madera varia por especies y tamaño diamétrico del árbol en estos ecosistemas forestales. Los resultados son útiles para modelar la dinámica de acumulación de biomasa arbórea de la vegetación primaria y secundaria que se encuentra enconstantes cambios en su estructura y composición de especies.
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