El objetivo fue estudiar y modelar las curvas de lactancia individuales en vacas Siboney, comparando cuatro modelos matemáticos. En total, 31,631 registros de producción de leche del día de control (PDC) de 3,697 lactancias (1 a 5) provenientes de 2,632 vacas Siboney de Cuba (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cebú Cubano) registrados mensualmente entre 1994 y 2003 se ajustaron mediante las funciones de Wood, Wilmink, Ali-Schaeffer y Polinomios de Legendre. Los parámetros se estimaron usando regresiones no lineales y la bondad de ajuste se midió mediante el coeficiente de determinación ajustado (R2A). Se obtuvieron valores de R2A > 0.75 en 23, 24, 28 y 36 % de las lactancias para los modelos de Wood, Wilmink, Ali-Schaeffer y Polinomios de Legendre, respectivamente. Los modelos de Wood y Wilmink describieron cuatro tipos de curvas; y los modelos de Ali-Schaeffer y los Polinomios de Legendre 17 y 20, de los 32 grupos teóricos posibles. Las correlaciones entre los parámetros para la función de Ali-Schaeffer fueron superiores a las estimadas para los polinomios de Legendre. Las funciones propuestas representaron las diferentes formas entre curvas de lactancia y en especial, los modelos de cinco parámetros detectaron mayor diversidad que el resto de las funciones.Esto apunta que, aunque formas adicionales pueden considerarse como derivaciones de los dos grupos clásicos de curvas típicas o atípicas, esta práctica podría comprometer la variabilidad entre curvas de lactancia en un hato, por lo que serán necesarios más estudios.
RESUMEN ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to analyze the impact of environmental factors as well as to estimate components of (co) variance of reproductive traits in Chacuba cattle. For that, 4,957 records of cows, daughters of 893 dams and 110 sires were used. Models that considered number of parity, calf sex, and contemporary group (herd-year-season of calving) as fixed effects were tested. The season of calving was included as every two, three, four and six months. The interval from calving to conception (ICC), calving interval (CI), and services per conception (SC) were the traits analyzed with uni and multitrait models using the software ASReml. The parity (P<0.01) and the contemporary groups (P<0.01) significantly affected the reproductive traits; however, the calf sex (P>0.05) was not. The heritability for the traits analyzed were low with values of 0.14±0.02, 0.15±0.02 and 0.04±0.01 for ICC, CI and SC, respectively. Genetic correlations were high between ICC and CI (0.99±0.43) but low between ICC and SC (0.10±0.14) and between CI and SC (0.09±0.11). Genetics parameters estimation models for the traits ICC, CI, and SC for Chacuba cows should consider parity and herd-year-quarter contemporary groups. Indirect selection for the calving interval using the interval calving-conception, can be implemented given the genetic correlation between these traits.
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