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In this work we define Magic Polygons P (n, k) and Degenerated Magic Polygons D(n, k) and we obtain their main properties, such as the magic sum and the value corresponding to the root vertex. The existence of magic polygons P (n, k) and degenerated magic polygons D(n, k) are discussed for certain values of n and k.

The main objective of this chapter is to present the separation theorems, important consequences of Hahn-Theorem theorem. Therefore, we begin with an overview on convex sets and convex functionals. Then go on with the Hahn-Banach theorem and separation theorems. Follow these results specification: first for normed spaces and then for a subclass of these spaces, the Hilbert spaces. In this last case plays a key role the Riesz representation theorem. Separation theorems are key results in convex programming. Then the chapter ends with the outline of applications of these results in convex programming, Kuhn-Tucker theorem, and in minimax theorem, two important tools in operations research, management and economics, for instance.

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In this work, we study the Magic Polygons of order 3 (P(n; 2)) and we introduce some properties that were useful to build an algorithm to find out how many Magic Polygons exists for the regular polygons up to 24 sides. The concepts of Equivalents Magic Polygons and Derivatives Magic Polygons which allowed to classify, and avoid ambiguity about the representations of such elements, are also introduced.