RESUMEN Desde suelos de la XII Región de Chile contaminados y no contaminados con petróleo crudo, se aislaron un total de 240 cepas fúngicas agrupadas en

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, (0-60 d. incubación), adicionada a caldo malta al 2%, inoculado con 2 cepas nativas de Aspergillus niger I y II, aisladas desde suelo trumao de la X Región y una cepa control de A. niger CBS. Finalizados los períodos de incubación se filtró el medio de cultivo y se determinó la concentración de fósforo solubilizado por el método de Murphy y Riley, el pH y el peso seco de los micelios fúngicos. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey. Las cepas A. niger I, II y la cepa control solubilizaron fósforo significativamente. El máximo de solubilización (10153.60 mg/L) se determinó a los 45 días de incubación en el tratamiento con A. niger II. En los medios de cultivo inoculados con estas mismas cepas se determinaron valores bajos de pH que fluctuaron entre 3.6 y 4.1. A los 60 días las cepas de A. niger y el control alcanzaron valores de peso seco micelial que fluctuaron entre 2.01 y 2.18 g.

Cultural and trivial knowledge among Chilean university students Background: Culture is defined by the Webster's dictionary as acquaintance with and taste in fine arts, humanities, and broad aspects of science as distinguished from vocational and technical skills. Aim: To assess the general cultural knowledge of university students. Material and Methods: A test containing 58 questions about art, national and universal literature, national and universal history, mythology, science and trivial national issues was designed and applied to 251 medical students in Santiago (149 from first year and 86 from fifth year, Universidad de Chile) and 138 agronomy students in Valdivia (61 from first year and 77 from fifth year, Universidad Austral de Chile). Results: All students answered the test. Medical students from first and fifth year omitted 19 and 15% of questions respectively. The figures for first and fifth year agronomy students were 23% each. The percentage of correct answers among first and fifth year medical students was 50 and 59% respectively. The figures for first and fifth year agronomy students were 39 and 44% respectively. The questions with higher rates of correct answers were those about trivial issues. Conclusions: There was a high rate of omissions and wrong answers about general cultural issues among university students particularly in national cultural subjects.