In this paper, we develop a hybrid optimization algorithm inspired by the reproduction processes of hydrozoans and the foraging behavior of sea turtles for solving continuous optimization problems. Our hybrid algorithm combines the exploration capability of the hydrozoan algorithm with the exploitation capability of the sea turtle foraging algorithm. Moreover, a new adaptive crossover operator was introduced and integrated into the hybrid algorithm to further enhance exploration capability. Our hybrid algorithm was evaluated and compared to the individual algorithms and 12 state-of-the-art algorithms. Results on 21 standard benchmark functions showed that our algorithm was very effective and was among the best of the group, specifically it converged faster than the individual algorithms on most functions and reached optimal or near-optimal results on all functions. INDEX TERMS Hybrid algorithm, hydrozoan, nature-inspired algorithm, optimization, sea turtle.

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University graduates today are facing uncertainty in employment due to economic recession, the COVID-[19 ]pandemic, and job replacement by artificial intelligence. Building an entrepreneurial mindset can help students to overcome unemployment and have a successful careers. Therefore, universities are increasingly focusing on fostering the entrepreneurial mindset of their students. Certain elements of entrepreneurial mindset must be identified at the curriculum and career design level to meet the requirements of stakeholders and prepare students for their careers after graduation. According to the principles of outcome-based education, a study program must establish its expected learning outcomes which the students must be encouraged to achieve. However, the extent to which the elements of an entrepreneurial mindset are necessary to support learning outcomes and career success can be different among students from different fields of study. This study identifies the elements of students’ entrepreneurial mindset that are necessary for the Bachelor of Business Administration Program (B.B.A. Program), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University (Pattani Campus) located in Southernmost Thailand. The past studies of entrepreneurial mindset have been revealed, and then the elements of entrepreneurial mindset related to the expected learning outcomes of the B.B.A. Program were selected. The elements of an entrepreneurial mindset presented in this article could be utilized for curriculum and course design, not only for the B.B.A. Program but also for others with similar expected learning outcomes. Keywords: course design, curriculum design, entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurship 1.

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