No abstract

No abstract

This paper presents an extension of the Kulfan class-shape transformation method for the parameterization of aircraft component geometry. The VT-CST code represents a practical implementation of the class-shape transformation method in an object-oriented C++ code for use within a multidisciplinary design optimization framework for design studies of a tailless supersonic aircraft. Extensions to the class-shape transformation method incorporated into VT-CST include the generation of a blended wing-fuselage, cowls and inlet ramps for embedded engines, automatic handling of centerline continuity, shape normalization and scaling, fuselage area-ruling capabilities, conical cambering, airfoil shape matching, and control surfaces, among others. Examples demonstrating the utility of the method are given. Nomenclature A r = amplifying coefficient of the rth shape function, S r b = total wingspan C· = class function C c · = cross-section class function C d · = distribution class function c = airfoil chord length H bot = height of fuselage section below X-Z plane H top = height of fuselage section above X-Z plane K r;n = the combination of r and n k y = Y-axis fuselage scaling coefficient k z = Z-axis fuselage scaling coefficient N amp = total number of chordwise amplifiers Nx = user input to control number of chordwise amplifiers Ny = user input to control number of spanwise amplifiers NC = cross-section class function exponent ND = distribution class function exponent N1 = first class function exponent, two dimensions N2 = second class function exponent, two dimensions S· = shape function S c · = cross-section shape function S d · = distribution shape function S n · = composite nonunity shape function S r · = rth term of a parameterized shape function, two dimensions W f = fuselage width z l = lower-surface z coordinate z N · = spanwise shear, or dihedral, function z u = upper-surface z coordinate β = conical camber surface ray angle Δz TE = airfoil trailing-edge thickness ζ = nondimensional z coordinate η = nondimensional y coordinate η g = global nondimensional y coordinate θ = conical camber cone half-angle ψ = nondimensional x coordinate ψ g = global nondimensional x coordinate

Little is known about how participating in a wellness program influences the well-being of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study is to explore how men with SCI describe their experiences and meaning of participating in a wellness center program, how they perceived these experiences as influencing their well-being, and how these experiences relate to co-occupations and occupational spin-off concepts. Investigators employed a descriptive qualitative design. Four adult males with an SCI participated in the study. Data collection methods included individual semi-structured interviews and observations. Participation in a wellness program positively influenced the physical, mental, and social well-being of participants. Findings expand our understanding of the value of social environment, social participation, co-occupations, and occupational spin-off. It is essential that occupational therapists promote occupational justice by advocating for clients so they can participate in wellness occupations in the community.

No abstract