The teaching technique is essential to reach students’ literacy goals in learning. This study discussed the teachers’ role in teaching math toward the students’ mathematical literacy in teaching linear program mathematical models. The focus of research is to determine patterns of teachers’ performance in teaching math in the classroom. The ethnography method was applied in this study. Besides, to find out the pattern of the teachers’ performance, the anthropolinguistic approach was used. The pattern of performance is essential data that can describe the phenomena of speaking activities related to mathematical literacy. With the discovery of the teachers’ performance, it can be seen how to apply the teaching model in the next effective teaching and learning process. Research data were video recordings, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. The results showed that the performance of math teachers in learning mathematics was teaching and examining. They were represented through statement and command language function dominantly instead of question and offer. Statements were encoded with declarative sentences, and command encoded in imperative sentences. Consequently, it affected the low level of student math literacy due to strict learning performance and lack of education part as one of literacy students’ requirements.

This research discussed Oral Tradition Nandong (OTN) role through its performance of advice tradition in Simueluenese toward the agricultural sector. Further, it described how the performance supported food security during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The location of the research was on Simeulue Island. The data were collected by doing depth-interview and observation. The anthropolinguistic approach was used in this research. The research presented a model of food security in a rural area that deliberates both natural conditions and human effort. It showed that the role of OTN affected tenacity for surviving their food security as a concept. It was delivered through their daily activity and on some occasions. In those moments, the procedure in farming and cultivating are shared in a frame of advice. The obedience to obeying advice had affected Simeuluenese way of having access to sufficient food as their food security. This effort protected them from lack of food (especially the primary food) during lockdown situations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that OTN has an important role and should be accounted for in the agricultural sector for food security. Oral tradition as a medium to store and share knowledge and experiences built a cultural-based effort to maintain Simeuluenese agriculture for food security.

Lubuk larangan is a pond that contains freshwater fishes in Kecamatan Tambangan, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera. The objective of this study was to describe eco cultural tourism river management at the core of the landscape anthropolinguistic approach. The method was qualitative, and an interactive model was implemented. The data were collected by doing an interview and participant observation. Then they were analyzed data reduction, data display, and verifying/conclusion with landscape anthropolinguistic as an approach. This approach was the new paradigm to describe and explain the analysis from a linguistic perspective in landscape study. The study results showed that Lubuk larangan was a natural resource for the villagers economically and contained social, cultural ecology, and religious value. It became a tradition and belonged to Mandailingnese as their local wisdom. It can be concluded that Lubuk larangan became a concept for them to understand and apply management for maintaining environmental usage patterns with cultural-based tourism space.

The outdoor recreation built meaning, function, values, and norms to landscape activity in one area. Besides, it created a comfortable nuance for the visitors and the residents at Perumahan Cemara Asri, Medan, due to maintaining the microclimate in this area. The Landscape of Taman Burung in Perumahan Cemara Asri Medan is outdoor recreation located in the center of urban residence. It maintains a microclimate for the residents and visitors. Hence they feel comfortable. The presence of prohibition boards in outdoor recreation informs the essential meaning and value of outdoor recreation. This study aimed to analyze the role of the verbal and visual signs toward microclimate maintenance at Taman Burung Cemara Asri, Medan. It was a qualitative study, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The data were verbal and visual signs in outdoor recreation at Taman Burung Taman Burung Cemara Asri, interview, and participant observation. It is known that the verbal and visual signs have an important role for human activity (visitors and residents) related to their behavior in treating the environment well. Maintaining the condition of the physical elements of the micro-climate creates comfort for visitors and residents at Taman Burung Cemara Asri Medan.

The purpose of this study described the role of traditional Aceh dish peunajoh (food and drink) toward the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh. Peunajoh is dependent on each formal occasion. In this study, the qualitative method and ethnography model was applied. The data were documentation of peunajoh (kinds of peunajoh) which used in traditional special occasions, namely uroe raya (Idul Fitri) and Tueng dara baro (having the bride at the groom’s house). They were collected through interviews and observation. The study showed that the peunajoh has indexed with the activity toward conservation for flora and fauna in Aceh. The plants for the ingredient of peunajoh is essential to growing not only for the needs of food but also become the symbol for in peunajoh affected the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh. The Acehnese had an engagement with several floras, which are used for peunajoh. As a result, traditional dishes out peunajoh in every occasion had affected the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh.