Данная статья посвящена изучению доверия в сфере образования и науки в контексте теории институциональных ловушек. Рассмотрены различные подходы к определению понятия доверия. В данной статье принимается подход к определению понятия доверия, основанный на работах А. В. Шмакова. Показано различие между оправданным и неоправданным доверием. Выявлена проблема определения оптимального уровня доверия. Рассмотрено разграничение между персонифицированным и неперсонифицированным доверием, восходящее к исследованиям Э. Гидденса. Выделены виды доверия к другим акторам на основе наиболее существенных факторов формирования доверия (на основе индивидуального опыта сотрудничества, репутации контрагента, групповой принадлежности контрагента). Показано, что в условиях оптимизации в сфере образования и науки возникает кризис доверия, который состоит не только в разрушении доверия между акторами, но также в изменении преобладающих видов доверия. Эмпирической основой исследования послужили данные, полученные в ходе анкетирования и глубинных интервью научно-педагогических работников Южного федерального университета. На основе собранных данных в статье показано, что институциональные ловушки, в особенности ловушка метрик, ловушка возрастающей
The article is devoted to study of institutional traps of optimization in education and science spheres. Our analysis also identifies the role of key actors or groups of interests in education sphere in reproduction of aforesaid institutional traps. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate identified institutional traps and groups of interests with help of narratives that were generated in the course of organized focus-groups with university stuff. This article is based on previous research where key institutional traps in education sphere were identified and described. This paper continues the analysis of following institutional traps: metrics trap, the trap of increasing bureaucracy, the trap of financing gap, the trap of electronisation and digitalisation, the trap of reducing the quality of education, the trap of human resources and justifies the efficiency of focus groups research method for detection groups of interests as real or potential actors of institutional changes. This method enables to find out the existing contradictions inside the groups and as a consequence to deepen the understanding of the nature of studied institutional traps and propose recommendations for overcoming the negative effects of it.
This article is devoted to the study of technological innovations' influence on the structure of universities 'courses and the level of graduates' employment. There are different ways of defining the term "technologies and technological changes", but this paper is based on the broad sense of the term, which also includes social technological changes. Due to these changes, the institute of education forms the system of our priorities and beliefs about the way the society has to function. An analysis of institutional changes in the sphere of high education as far as technologic progress shows the high level of influence on changing the structure of employment among graduates. For instance, it causes the widespreading of forms of non-standard employment and as a consequence the precarization of the labor market. Besides the global technological changes in the labor market, this paper demonstrates the local peculiarities of graduates' employment in Southern Federal District with using of statistic data.
Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант № 18-010-00581 «Институциональные ловушки оптимизации сферы образования и науки».
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