Although there was good participation in the SESEP among minority older adults, the primary outcomes were only minimally supported and there was even less support for the secondary outcomes.
Older African Americans and Latinos tend to exercise less than older Whites and are more likely to have chronic diseases that could benefit from exercise. Measurement of self-efficacy of exercise and exercise outcome expectations in this older population is required if exercise is to be monitored carefully and enhanced in this population. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE) and Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale (OEE) in a sample of African American and Latino older adults. A total of 166 individuals, 32 males (19%) and 134 females (81%) with an average age of 72.8 +/- 8.4 years participated in the study. The SEE and OEE scales were completed using face-to-face interviews. There was evidence of internal consistency for both scales with alphas of .89 and .90 for the SEE scale and .72 and .88 for the OEE scale. There was some evidence of validity for both scales based on confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, because factor loadings were greater than .50 in all but two items in the OEE, and there were significant relationships between self-efficacy and outcome expectations and exercise behavior at all testing time-points. The measurement models showed a fair fit of the data to the models. The study provided some evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEE and OEE when used with minority older adults, and it provides some guidelines for future scale revisions and use.
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore with minority older adults their experience in the Senior Exercise Self-Efficacy Pilot Program (SESEP) and establish what aspects of the SESEP helped the participants engage in exercise and what decreased their willingness to exercise. A total of 148 older adults from 12 Senior Centers participated. The majority of the participants were African American (77%), and female (79%) and the average age was 72.9+/-8.0. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed 36 codes which were categorized and reduced to 13 major themes. Eleven of these themes focused on factors that facilitated participation in exercise and two themes included factors that decreased willingness to participate in exercise. Findings support the use of the theory of self-efficacy to change behavior among minority older adults, and future research should focus on identifying culturally specific interventions that will strengthen these beliefs and thereby increase exercise behavior.
Discuss the rationale for and emerging experience with private-public partnerships between businesses and public health agencies to reduce health risks in the workforce.• Interpret the new findings on the effects of the partnership evaluated in this study, including the effects of moderate-versus high-intensity worksite health promotion.• Summarize the challenges involved in establishing public-private partnerships for worksite health promotion, as well as in conducting "real-world" studies of their effectiveness. Abstract Objective: To examine the impact of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Wellness at Work program on health risks of employees from 10 New York City organizations at 26 worksites. Methods: Employer sites were matched and assigned to receive either moderate or high intensity health promotion interventions. Changes from time 1 to time 3 in employees' risk status on 12 health risks were examined using 2 and t tests for a cohort group (N ϭ 930). Comparisons between moderate and high intensity groups used multivariate methods, controlling for confounders. Results: From time 1 to time 3, both moderate and high intensity sites demonstrated significant risk reductions. Nevertheless, comparisons by intervention intensity did not reveal significant differences between treatment conditions.Conclusions: Private-public partnerships to promote employee health in the workplace have the potential to reduce health risks that are precursors to chronic disease. ( J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:296 -304)
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