Background: Numerous studies support debriefing after an in-person simulation experience. However, there is little understanding about effective debriefing methods after a virtual simulation. Method: An experimental study was conducted to examine various debriefing methods. Participants completed a virtual gaming simulation and were randomly assigned to one of three debriefing methods: in person, virtual, and self. Results: Within groups, students made significant knowledge and self-efficacy gains, and all groups rated their debriefing experience highly. There were no significant differences in outcomes between groups. Conclusion: There is evidence to support alternative debriefing methods beyond the traditional in-person approach after a virtual gaming simulation.
Person-centered care (PCC) is grounded in principles of respect, autonomy, and empowerment and requires the development of interpersonal relationships. For nursing students to engage in PCC, they need to intentionally develop personal knowing, which is an essential attribute of therapeutic relationships. Developing personal knowing, as well as professional knowledge, positions students to enact PCC in their practice. Faculty members play a vital role in fostering the development of personal knowing by creating opportunities for students in which genuine and respectful dialogue, reflection, self-awareness, and critical thinking can take place. This article explores several creative approaches faculty have used to actualize these qualities in their teaching-learning encounters with nursing students at various stages of their students' professional development. These approaches offer experiential teaching-learning opportunities that foster the development of personal knowing, as well as constructive and respectful relationships between faculty and students, therefore laying the groundwork for PCC in practice settings.
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