The development of radioligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) has shown promising results for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. However, studies have shown that tumors and metastases can express such targets heterogeneously. To overcome this issue and to improve protein binding, radioligands with the ability to bind both PSMA and GRPR have been developed. Herein, we present the preclinical characterization of [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812; a PSMA/GRPR-targeting radioligand for the diagnostic PET imaging of prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 to promote the translation of such imaging probes into the clinic. [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 demonstrated rapid and specific binding to both targets in a PSMA/GRPR-expressing PC3-pip cell line. Results from the biodistribution study in PC3-pip xenografted mice showed specific binding to both targets, with the highest activity uptake at 1 h pi in tumor (PSMA+/GRPR+, 10.4 ± 1.0% IA/g), kidneys (PSMA+, 45 ± 16% IA/g), and pancreas (GRPR+, 5.6 ± 0.7% IA/g). At 3h pi, increased tumour-to-organ ratios could be seen due to higher retention in the tumor compared with other PSMA or GRPR-expressing organs. These results, together with low toxicity and an acceptable estimated dosimetry profile (total effective dose = 0.0083 mSv/MBq), support the clinical translation of [68Ga]Ga-BQ7812 and represent a step towards its first clinical trial.
BACKGROUND: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a severe disease with a high risk of complications including neurological deficit. Persistent hypoglycemia in patients with focal form of CHI can not be managed with medical treatment in 96.4% of cases, what subsequently leads to surgical treatment. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding patients with focal form of CHI. This study is aimed at finding better approaches for diagnosis and treatment of patients with focal form of CHI. AIMS: To study clinical, genetic and PET/CT findings of the focal form of CHI in Russian group of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The observational research included all patients with a histologically confirmed focal form of CHI, who were admitted to Endocrinology Research Centre during the period from January 2008 to January 2019. A statistical analysis of clinical data, genotype, and positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) was performed. The median follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: The study included 31 patients with focal CHI (14 boys, 45.2%). All patients had a neonatal presentation of the disease and demanded high levels of continuous glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia. The difference between the age of hypoglycemia presentation and the age of diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 3.9 months. In all cases, diazoxide was found to be ineffective. However, in 9 patients, it was possible to withdraw continuous glucose infusion and maintain euglycemia using octreotide in the preoperative period. A molecular genetic study allowed us to detect diverse pathogenic variants in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes in 30 patients. According to PET data with 18F-DOPA, the pancreatic index (PI) varied widely from 1.16 to 3.59. After partial resection of the pancreatic region with insulin hypersecretion, all patients showed complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The focal form of CHI is a severe condition with high prevalence of neurological complications. For preoperative diagnosis of the morphological form of the disease, it is necessary to conduct genetic analysis and radionuclide studies. Solely evaluation of mathematical parameters in 18F-DOPA PET without taking into account the visual data and the results of genetic analysis does not allow establishing the robust diagnosis. Timely diagnosis, identification of risk factors, and prevention of complications of persistent hypoglycemia are important tasks for clinicians.
Амиодарон -антиаритмический препарат, который применяют для лечения различных наджелудочковых и желудочковых аритмий. Молекула амиодарона сходна по структуре с молекулой тироксина и содержит два атома йода. Амиодарон и его основной активный метаболит дезэтиламиодарон оказывают прямое дозозависимое цитотоксическое действие на фолликулярные клетки щитовидной железы (ЩЖ). Это приводит к тому, что у части пациентов, получающих амиодарон, может развиваться дисфункция ЩЖ: амиодарон-индуцированный гипотиреоз (АиГ) или амиодарон-индуцированный тиреотоксикоз (АиТ). Диагностика, классификация и лечение амиодарон-индуцированной дисфункции ЩЖ представляют сложную задачу для клинициста. Настоящий проект клинических рекомендаций разработан группой специалистов, обладающих большим опытом диагностики и лечения амиодарон-индуцированной дисфункции ЩЖ. АиГ не требует обязательной отмены амиодарона. Лечение тироксином рекомендуется всем больным с манифестным АиГ, субклинические формы АиГ не всегда требуют его назначения. Выделяют два основных типа амиодарон-индуцированного тиреотоксикоза: АиТ 1 типа (является гипертиреозом, который развивается вследствие избыточного поступления йода, при автономных узлах ЩЖ или латентной болезни Грейвса) и АиТ 2 типа (развивается вследствие деструктивного тиреоидита из-за цитотоксического эффекта амиодарона). Также выделяют смешанную форму АиТ, для которой характерно сочетание обоих механизмов. Для автономного АиТ1 характерно наличие одного или нескольких «горячих» узлов в ЩЖ. Наличие высокого уровня антител к рецептору тиреотропного гормона или типичных клинических проявлений подтверждает диагноз диффузного токсического зоба и, следовательно, АиТ1. В качестве основного метода дифференциальной диагностики АиТ1 и АиТ2 предлагается использовать цветовое допплеровское картирование (ЦДК), где наличие «образца 0», как правило, указывает на АиТ2, наличие «образцов I-III» с большей долей вероятности свидетельствует об АиТ1. При АиТ1 показана терапия антитиреоидными препаратами, а при АиТ2 -глюкокортикоидами. Их комбинация рекомендуется при смешанном варианте АиТ. Больным АиТ с прогрессирующим ухудшением течения сердечно-сосудистой патологии, которые не отвечают на медикаментозную терапию, рекомендуется выполнение тиреоидэктомии в максимально короткие сроки. Если нет клинического подозрения на нарушение функции ЩЖ, то оценку тиреоидных гормонов необходимо выполнять не раньше чем через 3 мес от начала лечения амиодароном, затем каждые 6 мес.
Анти-N-метил-D-аспартат рецепт орный энцефалит (анти-NMDA PЭ)-диффузный энцефалит, связанный с выработкой аутоантител (Ig G) к NR1 субъединицам глутаматного NMDA-рецептора, впервые описан у пациентки с тератомой яичника
IntroductionCongenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) has diffuse (CHI-D), focal (CHI-F) and atypical (CHI-A) forms. Surgical management depends on preoperative [18F]-DOPA PET/CT and intraoperative morphological differential diagnosis of CHI forms. Objective: to improve differential diagnosis of CHI forms by comparative analysis [18F]-DOPA PET/CT data, as well as cytological, histological and immunohistochemical analysis (CHIA).Materials and MethodsThe study included 35 CHI patients aged 3.2 ± 2.0 months; 10 patients who died from congenital heart disease at the age of 3.2 ± 2.9 months (control group). We used PET/CT, CHIA of pancreas with antibodies to ChrA, insulin, Isl1, Nkx2.2, SST, NeuroD1, SSTR2, SSTR5, DR1, DR2, DR5; fluorescence microscopy with NeuroD1/ChrA, Isl1/insulin, insulin/SSTR2, DR2/NeuroD1 cocktails.ResultsIntraoperative examination of pancreatic smears showed the presence of large nuclei, on average, in: 14.5 ± 3.5 cells of CHI-F; 8.4 ± 1.1 of CHI-D; and 4.5 ± 0.7 of control group (from 10 fields of view, x400). The percentage of Isl1+ and NeuroD1+endocrinocytes significantly differed from that in the control for all forms of CHI. The percentage of NeuroD1+exocrinocytes was also significantly higher than in the control. The proportion of ChrA+ and DR2+endocrinocytes was higher in CHI-D than in CHI-F, while the proportion of insulin+cells was higher in CHI-A. The number of SST+cells was significantly higher in CHI-D and CHI-F than in CHI-A.ConclusionFor intraoperative differential diagnosis of CHI forms, in addition to frozen sections, quantitative cytological analysis can be used. In quantitative immunohistochemistry, CHI forms differ in the expression of ChrA, insulin, SST and DR2. The development of a NeuroD1 inhibitor would be advisable for targeted therapy of CHI.
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