Background Assessment of age‐associated disorders has become increasingly important. Methods In a clinical setting, people with intellectual disability with and without dementia were assessed retrospectively using the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) at two different times to analyse neuropsychological changes and diagnostic validity. One group (n = 44) was assessed with both instruments, while the DLD was applied in 71 patients. Results In the NTB (n = 44), only patients with dementia (n = 26) showed a decline in the NTB total score and three subscales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of .67, a specificity of .81, and an area under the curve (AUC) of .767. In the DLD group (n = 71), only those with dementia displayed a decrease in the cognitive and social scale; diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were low (.61/.63) and the AUC was .704. Conclusions Neuropsychological assessment was sensitive to detect cognitive changes over time. Sensitivity values of both instruments suggest a reassessment at a later time point.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel Erfassung von Differenzialdiagnosen (DD) und Komorbiditäten bei Erwachsenen mit Autismusverdacht, Überprüfung des Autismus Quotient (AQ) auf seine Eignung für das Screening. Methode Stichprobe N=106; ROC-Analyse des AQ gegen das klinische Expertenurteil. Ergebnisse Komorbide affektive Störungen in beiden Gruppen (48%), DD waren Angst- (33%) und Persönlichkeitsstörungen (22%). AQ: AUC=0,527, Sensitivität/Spezifität von 70%/35%. Schlussfolgerungen Erwachsene mit Autismusverdacht sind durch DD und Komorbiditäten hoch belastet. Der AQ ist für das Screening nicht geeignet.