Objective: Propolis is a natural product that contains flavonoids and has antibacterial effects that could decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity inthe saliva. Propolis honey candy is currently being developed and to analyze the effects of propolis honey candy on MPO activity in stimulated saliva.Methods: Stimulated saliva samples were collected from individuals who met the inclusion criteria before and after consumption of propolis honeycandy twice a day for 7 days. Salivary samples were centrifuged to separate the supernatant and pellet. A 100-μl aliquot of the supernatant wasdirectly added to the wells of a 96-well plate and mixed with 100 μl of substrate solution containing 3,3’-diaminobenzidine, guaiacol, dapsone, andTris-HCl buffer. After incubation for 30 min at room temperature, MPO activity was measured by subtracting the absorbance value (wavelength of450 nm) of the saliva samples from that of the blank control (distilled water).Results: The absorbance value of MPO activity of propolis honey candy was 0.071 before consumption and 0.076 after consumption.Conclusion: MPO activity significantly increased after the consumption of propolis honey candy (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.05).

Background: 35% Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an active material for internal bleaching can produce free radicals that can affect resin tag penetration into the dentinal tubules. Application of 10% and 35% green tea (GT) extract as an antioxidant after 2 minutes are expected to remove free radical residues and increase dentin shear bond strength and resin tags penetration depth after non-vital bleaching. Methods: 30 extracted healthy human premolars were cut horizontally 2 mm from the Cemento Enamel Junction margin to the crown part, then cut in a mesio-distal direction into two parts. The specimens were divided into five groups: normal dentin, post bleaching dentin, delayed 2 weeks, 10% GT, and 35% GT group. Non-vital walking bleach with 35% H2O2 gel was done to all groups except control group. Soon after, 10% and 35% GT extract gel were applied on dentin for 2 minutes, then the specimens were rinsed-off with aquabidest for 2 minutes and dried. All specimens were etched and bonded with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system and filled with resin composite. The shear bond strength assessment was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with a wavelength of 560 nm and a lens magnification of 40x was used to analyze the resin tag penetration. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in resin tag penetration depth and shear bond strength between applying 10% and 35% GT extract (p < 0.05). The 35% GT extract group resulted in a significantly longer resin tag penetration than the 10% GT extract group. Conclusions: The application of 35% GT extract is more effective than 10% GT extract as an antioxidant for increasing the shear bond strength of composite resin after internal bleaching.