This article examines traditional policing theories in a cyber world and defines 'Faceless-Oriented Policing' (FOP). FOP policing theory is centred on cyber-world crimes. Many traditional policing theories do not apply when crimes are committed online. FOP has multiple tenets outlining the explanation of policing utilising the internet as a faceless venue to commit crimes and how to investigate these crimes.Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) and Community-Oriented Policing (COP) are two of the most popular policing theories utilised today in the United States. These strategies, while successful in response to conventional crime, are not easily applied to cyber crimes. Getting close to the community is really not the solution. The visible aspects of much of these offences are absent or drastically altered. In the event that detection is possible, one must contend with the escalation of certain activities online due to the overall perception that they are not detectable.The internet has not created new vices. It has made many traditional vices more accessible to the general public. If the public can remain anonymous while committing crimes, some people will become more willing to pursue these vices. The internet has also allowed a person to practise these vices around the world rather than in just their own small segment of the world. This article examines traditional policing theories in a cyber world and defines 'Faceless-Oriented Policing' (FOP). FOP policing theory is centred on cyber-world crimes. Many traditional policing theories do not apply when crimes are committed online. The focus of FOP is how traditional policing theories are
The purpose of this study is to examine criminal activity in rural America, particularly drug-related activity, by analysing trends in offending for four rural communities of the mid-west. The present study has three main objectives. First, discover how many offences in these rural areas are drug-related offences. Second, discover differential offending, with an emphasis on drug offending, based on location of each area of study. 1 Third, uncover overall trends of offending in each of the rural communities examined.
This article describes a project to examine hotel security from the routine activities perspective of Cohen and Felson (1979). The dominant focus is on the extent to which many patrons lack capable guardians of their possessions and personal Well-being and also set themselves up as suitable targets. The peripheral focus is on staff offending. Drug use and theft by the staff are addressed. Finally, a look at preventing such problems as these is discussed.
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