All ATP coupled reactions, when performed at neutral or moderately alkaline pH, produce an acidification of the reaction mixture. The detection of small pH changes--0.1 mpH (1 mpH = 10(-3) pH)--in a constant buffering capacity solution makes it possible to quantify, over a wide concentration range (1-1500 mmol L(-1)), various analytes with very high precision and accuracy. Glucose, fructose, glycerol and gluconic acid can be analysed in less than 1 min with a single step reaction. Wine samples were analysed using the hexokinase reaction for glucose + fructose (sugars undergoing fermentation) and compared against an established method, showing excellent performance over the whole range of concentrations (R = 0.9994). Increased sensitivity in some applications can be obtained by cycling reactions, e.g. a kinase reaction followed by a phosphatase reaction. in a one step analysis, as required for lactulose assay in milk, a useful indicator of heat treatment damage. A sensitivity well below 0.1 mmol L(-1) in the original milk sample has been demonstrated.
-A differential pH technique for lactose and lactulose determination in milk samples (UHT, pasteurised, sterilised and fresh milk) is presented. With enzymatic reactions, causing a pH variation directly proportional to the lactose and lactulose contents in samples, in less than two and four minutes, respectively, the lactose and lactulose can be analysed without sample preparation procedures. The automatic methods are very simple, precise and accurate, with an excellent linearity for lactose (R 2 = 0.9999) and lactulose (R 2 = 0.9997) throughout the whole range of concentrations and good repeatability (the coefficient of variation was lower than 0.5%). With the optimised experimental conditions, a sensitivity of 0.1 mmol·L -1 lactulose was obtained.Lactose / lactulose / differential pH technique / milk / enzymatic assay Résumé -Détermination de la teneur en lactose et lactulose des échantillons de lait par la technique de pH-métrie différentielle. L'emploi de la pH-métrie différentielle pour doser le lactose et le lactulose dans des échantillons de lait (UHT, lait pasteurisé, lait stérilisé et lait cru) est proposé. Le lactose et le lactulose peuvent être dosés, en moins de deux et quatre minutes respectivement et sans traitement de l'échantillon, avec des réactions enzymatiques qui causent une variation du pH directement proportionnelle à la concentration des deux substrats dans les échantillons. Les méthodes sont automatisées et elles sont simples, précises et très exactes, avec une excellente linéarité pour le lactose (R 2 = 0,9999) et le lactulose (R 2 = 0,9997) dans toute la gamme de concentration et une très bonne répétabilité (coefficient de variation < 0,5 %). En optimisant toutes les conditions expérimentales, la méthode a obtenu une sensibilité de 0,1 mmol·L -1 pour le lactulose.Lactose / lactulose / pH-métrie différentielle / lait / essai enzymatique
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