The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors of the global communities, including those that depend on forests for honey products. Furthermore, the dynamics of production and availability are completely affected by government restrictions. This study focuses on the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the forestry sector. Specifically, it examines the pandemic effect on forest honey farmers in habitat management, harvesting, marketing, farmer institutions, and livelihoods. The study was conducted on forest honey bee farmers through field observations and structured and in-depth interviews. Data were collected using five variables and 30 indicators in Fatumnasi Subdistrict, South Central Timor Regency and analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the socio-cultural and economic utilization of forest honey. Additionally, social restrictions have reduced habitat management performance, farmers institutions and livelihoods, harvesting, and marketing. This has increased pressure on the livelihoods of forest honey bee farmers than before the pandemic. Moreover, it has directly affected their lives and the ability to provide quality forest honey. Therefore, interventions are needed to strengthen marketing and institutional networks to face the changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pelaku kejahatan pemalsuan melibatkan oknum pegawai/pejabat pertanahan dengan dakwaan membuat surat palsu atau memalsukan surat berupa Sertipikat Hak Milik, sebagaimana dijumpai dalam Putusan Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 137/Pid.B/2020/PN Kpg. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif empiris dengan pendekatan konseptual dan undang-undang untuk menghasilkan argumentasi yuridis tentang pertanggunjawaban pidana pelaku tindak pidana pemalsuan surat di Pengadilan Negeri Kupang. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penerapan hukum pidana materil dan pertimbangan hukum Majelis Hakim dalam Putusan Nomor: 137/Pid.B/2020/PN Kpg., penerapan hukum pidana materil terhadap seseorang yang didakwa melakukan tindak pidana pemalsuan sertifikat tanah harus memenuhi unsur-unsur tindak pidana pemalsuan surat Pasal 263 ayat (1) KUHP. Majelis Hakim berkesimpulan perbuatan Terdakwa harus dipertanggungjawabkan kepadanya dengan pidana penjara 3 tahun. Penelitian ini menyarankan: 1) Penuntut Umum dan Majelis Hakim, aparat pemerintah dengan jabatan khusus dan berkaitan dengan tindak pidana yang dilakukan, dapat dikenakan Pasal 52 KUHP mengenai pemberatan karena jabatan untuk memaksimalkan pertanggungjawaban pidana; 2) Badan Pertanahan Nasional, dalam memproses pendaftaran hak atas tanah harus teliti terhadap dokumen yang diperlukan untuk menghindari terjadinya pemalsuan pendaftaran hak atas tanah; 3) Masyarakat Umum, dalam proses pendaftaran hak atas tanah, mulai dari awal perencanaan pendaftaran memiliki sifat yang jujur, teliti dan sesuai prosedur demi menjamin kepastian hukum.
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