Chronic kidney disease (CKD) exerts a significant impact on children's growth and development. In infants and children with CKD, feeding-related problems are not infrequent, leading to protein-energy malnutrition and resulting in retarded physical development. Because spontaneous energy intake is usually inadequate in children with CKD, special dietary counseling with supportive procedures are often required. Placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is one practical way to allow home tube feeding. Such nutrition support is valuable in children with CKD, and although it is not free from complications and technical problems, it seems to be helpful in providing required nutrition intake. In this report, the authors describe their own experience with PEG implantation and use in 3 children with CKD.
StreszczenieTechniki znieczulenia i wentylacji do operacji torakochirurgicznych są zdecydowanie odmienne od stosowanych w chirurgii ogólnej. Standardową metodą wentylacji podczas dużych zabiegów torakochirurgicznych dotyczących miąższu płucnego oraz innych narządów klatki piersiowej jest wentylacja jednego płuca (one lung ventilation -OLV). Najczęściej zabiegi przeprowadza się w ułożeniu pacjenta na boku przeciwnym do operowanego z równoczesnym otwarciem klatki piersiowej (odma otwarta). To wszystko implikuje zaburzenia mechaniki oddychania, hemodynamiki oraz utlenowania krwi. Alternatywną metodą jest wentylacja wysokimi częstotliwościami (high-frequency jet ventilation -HFJV). Obie metody wentylacji zapewniają całkowite lub częściowe unieruchomienie pola operacyjnego, ale odmienne skutki hemodynamiczne. Porównując obie techniki wentylacji ze względu na zachowanie się parametrów układu sercowo-naczyniowego, można zdecydowanie stwierdzić, że HFJV zapewniając lepsze utlenowanie i prawidłową wentylację, utrzymuje stabilność hemodynamiczną w porównaniu z wentylacją OLV. Słowa kluczowe: wentylacja jednym płucem, wentylacja wysokimi częstotliwościami, układ sercowo-naczyniowy.
ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND INTENSIVE CARE
AbstractAnesthesia techniques used in thoracic surgery are completely different from those used in general surgery, because thoracic surgery requires both effective ventilation and immobilization of the operating area. One lung ventilation (OLV) remains the standard ventilation method used during thoracic surgery procedures. The most frequent position of the patient during thoracotomy is the lateral decubitus position opposite to the operated side. The abovementioned conditions lead to several respiratory, hemodynamic, and oxygenation disturbances. However, high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) may be used as an alternative way of ventilation during lung resection. Both ventilation methods provide full or partial immobilization of the operative field, but they result in different hemodynamic effects. Comparing the cardiovascular parameters during OLV and HFJV we can definitely say that HFJV provides better oxygenation and ventilation in comparison to OLV, while maintaining hemodynamic stability. Key words: one lung ventilation, high frequency jet ventilation, cardiovascular system. DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2013.39743 One lung ventilation (OLV) remains the standard method of providing ventilation during anesthesia before thoracic surgery procedures. The procedures are usually conducted with the patient in a lateral decubitus position opposite to the operated side, with concurrent opening of the chest (open pneumothorax), which allows for complete or partial immobilization of the operating field. Employing this method of ventilation, however, implies a change in the mechanics of breathing, hemodynamics, and blood oxygenation [1].
Hemodynamic consequences of different ventilation methods used in lung surgeryDuring one lung ventilation, the priority for the anesthesiologist is to protect the patient from hypoxia, caus...
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