The Police as the largest uniformed law enforcement agency in Poland (more than 100,000 functionaries) with strictly hierarchical command structure is capable of entering into cooperation with external entities including non-governmental organizations. NGOs are all entities which are not public administration organs or units and which operate on a non-profit basis. A characteristic feature of an NGO is the lack of links to the public authorities. In Poland the status of NGOs is regulated by the Public Benefit and Volunteer Work Act of 2003 which introduced an extended definition of non-governmental organizations as entities engaged in public interest and charitable activities (ngo.pl, 2018). The paper presents the subject matter related to the cooperation of the Polish Police with non-governmental organizations with respect to their statutory tasks, determines the place of NGOs in the security system and draws conclusions and recommendations regarding the cooperation.

The Internet, as a social medium has a wide spectrum of applications. In general, the cyberspace serves as a provider of services, a commercial platform and the arena of social networking. On one hand, the Internet offers unlimited possibilities with respect to the access to all sources of information but, on the other hand, it can generate a series of threats to the established social and legal order. The threats may pertain to systems, data security, computer programs, users' privacy and intellectual property. Although the problem is important socially as well as politically, until recently the Polish literature on the subject did not address the issue of counteracting and punishing offences related to electronic data processing widely enough. The motivation behind this paper was recent social discourse on the free flow of information on the Internet and the multiplicity of controversies accompanying this topic.

(1) Fracture of the pelvis usually happens in young men and results from high-energy trauma. It generates high social and economic costs and results in further health problems. It is therefore important to assess long-term treatment results. (2) The study (NCT04902209) involved 31 patients (mean age 43.6 ± 14.8 years). We conducted fixation assessment on the basis of radiographs and CT scans and functional assessment based on functional scales. (3) We observed more degenerative changes in the less precise reconstruction of the acetabulum (p = 0.075). We did not find statistically significant relationships between the area of surgical approach, the gravity of fracture, and the development of degenerative changes. We did not find statistically significant relationships between patients’ functional states and the type of surgical approach or the complexity of the fracture. We found a positive correlation between the time of surgical treatment and patients’ functional state (p = 0.04). Patients whose joint surfaces were reconstructed anatomically had significantly higher scores in functional scales (HHS p = 0.05, Merle p = 0.03). (4) Patients after surgical fixation of the acetabulum have low functional abilities. The quality of reconstruction of the loaded surface as well as the length of time post-surgery seems to be essential for the patients’ functional state.

The application of advanced methods of trace identification at a crime scene has made a substantial contribution to the identification of offenders. An accurate identification as well as preservation of forensic traces at a crime scene are key determinants of the methods’ usage. The application of appropriate forensic traces identification and preservation techniques has been presented in the paper, including selected case studies.