Rome 2.2 The common debt crisis 2.3 The representation of the reliqua coniuratorum Part B 2.4 Evaluating P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura's influence on the affair 2.4.1 Lentulus' political career 2.4.2 The evidence against Lentulus 2.4.3 Lentulus' letter to Catiline and epistolary comparisons 2.4.4 Lentulus' mandata to Catiline 2.4.5 The prophecy of 63 2.5 Chapter conclusions Chapter 3: The disturbances outside of Rome: An examination of C. Manlius, the army in northern Etruria, and the disturbances throughout Italy 3.1 The consular elections of 63 3.2 The historical evidence of Catiline's connection with C. Manlius, the Sullan veterans, and the disturbances outside of Rome 3.3 The SCU and the hostis declarations of 63 3.4 The disturbances outside of Rome 3.5 The mandata of C. Manlius' army 3.6 Chapter conclusions Chapter 4: Cicero and Sallust's usage of the term bellum: Examining the terminology identifying the affair of 63 as a 'war' 4.1 The occurrences of bellum in Cicero's Orations and its qualifying adjectives191 4.2 The use of the term bellum in Sallust's Catilina 4.3 Sallust and the implied bellum civile of 63 4.4 Cicero's avoidance of the expression bellum civile 4.5 dissensio civilis and Cicero's representation of armed conflict 4.6 Sallust's various expressions to identify conflicts between cives 4.7 coniuratio or bellum?: Cicero's interpretation after the affair's suppression 4.8 Chapter conclusions Chapter 5: The concepts of coniuratio: Examining its military context, its usage in Caesar's Commentarii, and other contexts in the Ciceronian and Sallustian corpora 5.1 The term coniuratio as a mutual oath and its military context 5.2 The usage of coniuratio in Caesar's Commentarii 5.2.1 The usage of coniuratio in Caesar's De Bello Gallico indicating a mutual oath for war 5.2.2 The usage of coniuratio in Caesars De Bello Gallico describing a conspiratorial context 5.2.3 The usage of coniuratio in Caesar's Commentarii and its contexts 5.3 The other instances of coniuratio in the Ciceronian corpus 5.4 The other instances of coniuratio in the Sallustian corpus 5.5 Chapter conclusions Conclusion Addendum: The usage of conspiratio in various contexts Section 1 conspiratio as a term of "agreement" Section 2 conspiratio in conspiratorial contexts Section 3 The synonymous usage of conspiratio with coniuratio Section 4 Addendum conclusions Appendix I: Names of the participants and possible participants Appendix II: A timeline of the events Bibliography I would like to acknowledge Dr. Elena Isayev for her generous and patient supervision during my time at the University of Exeter. Lena'sunwavering confidence in my work and myself in particular was invaluable when it was needed most. I couldn't imagine a better suited supervisor for me and am happy to call my colleague Lena a friend. Professor Daniel Ogden, my second supervisor, offered candid comments throughout my project. Daniel was always available, in person or electronically, to chat about my work and lucidly explain how to make my arguments more cogent. I would als...