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This article analyses how the communist leadership in Yugoslavia established social work education in the 1950s and the important place some women founders had in these time. It also outlines how the communist party de-politicised women's activities and legitimised several occurrences of gender inequality. In the conclusion, some characteristics of social work education in the communist period, as well as their legacy in current social work practices, are discussed. Methodology This article is based on a multifaceted methodological approach, which includes archive analysis (focusing on the period 1945-1970); interviews with early welfare and social workers, as well as with teachers from the Former Yugoslavia; the analysis of photographic material; site-visits; and early graduation theses. In-depth interviews used in this article were conducted by the author in 2005 and 2006. They included interviews with: two pioneers of social work education, early social work teachers, Slovenian 'field visitors' and older professional social workers. Field research included visits to the largest semi-closed asylums in Slovenia and Croatia, where social workers have been sending persons with various disabilities since the early 1960s. Field visitors as the predecessors of social workers Many women's organizations in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes addressed social issues and social inequality during the inter-war period (1919-1940), and certain Slovenian feminists and professionals within the sphere of social welfare (Angela Vode, Alojzija Štebi) had praised the work of Alice Salomon and Jane Addams before 1945. Although the political demands of prewar feminists were almost identical with communist party programmemes from the early 1940s and the

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