Este artigo analisa a evolução operacional e o aumento da complexidade na gestão econômico-financeira de um empreendimento florestal comunitário em execução na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (FLONA do Tapajós), no município de Belterra, Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva baseada em um estudo de caso considerando o período de 2005 a 2020. Foram verificados documentos relacionados à formalização e legalização das atividades, execução dos planos operacionais vinculados ao plano de manejo florestal e à administração econômico-financeira do empreendimento, além de uma revisão sobre as políticas e normas voltadas ao manejo florestal comunitário. A cooperativa tem movimentado milhões de reais por ano, auxiliando no desenvolvimento social e na proteção da FLONA do Tapajós. As dificuldades com a execução do manejo florestal comunitário têm gerado aprendizados para os cooperados e para a gestão da unidade de conservação. Na Amazônia tem sido uma referência para outras iniciativas de manejo florestal comunitário.
Logged forests are more prone to fire, shifts in species composition, and losses in biodiversity. In this work changes in the horizontal structure and species composition of a managed forest in the Tapajós National Forest, Eastern Amazon, Brazil, along 31 years (1981-2012) was evaluated. The disturbances included logging (1982), thinning of non-commercial species (1993/1994), and fire (1997). Data were obtained in 36 0.25-ha permanent plots split in 12 plots per each one of three harvesting treatments. In 1997, 16 plots were reached by an accidental superficial fire. The changes in species composition and diversity between the last measurement after logging and before fire (1995) and the last measurement (2012) were compared. PERMANOVA, considering the relationship between the NMDS axes and the treatment variable (logging / control + unburnt / burnt) differed in species composition, among treatments before fire (1995) and 15 years after fire (2012). The post-hoc test for PERMANOVA showed great similarity among logged forests before and after fire. The forest pre-disturbance conditions were important drivers in forest recovery, since logged forests under heavy thinning presented more losses in basal area and alterations in species composition. Therefore, stronger and more frequent disturbances can compromise the forest resilience.
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