No abstract

No abstract

The acceptance of a standard VoiceXML format has facilitated the development of voice applications, and we anticipate a similar facilitation of pen application development upon the acceptance of a standard InkXML format. In this paper we present a multimodal interface architecture that combines standardized voice and ink formats to facilitate the creation of robust and efficient multimodal systems, particularly for noisy mobile environments. The platform provides a Web interactive system for generic multimodal application development. By providing mutual disambiguation of input signals and superior error handling this architecture should broaden the spectrum of users to the general population, including permanently and temporarily disabled users. Integration of VoiceXML and InkXML provides a standard data format to facilitate Web based development and content delivery. Diverse applications ranging from complex data entry and text editing applications to Web transactions can be implemented on this system, and we present a prototype platform and sample dialogues.

No abstract

Recently SPEC 1 released the next generation of its CPU benchmark, widely used by compiler writers and architects for measuring processor performance. This calls for characterization of the applications in SPEC CPU2006 to guide the design of future microprocessors. In addition, it necessitates assessing the change in the characteristics of the applications from one suite to another. Although similar studies using the retired SPEC CPU benchmark suites have been done in the past, to the best of our knowledge, a thorough characterization of CPU2006 and its comparison with CPU2000 has not been done so far. In this paper, we present the above; specifically, we analyze IPC (instructions per cycle), L1, L2 data cache misses and branch prediction, especially in CPU2006.