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The connectivity of the Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) management through the development of multi-business based-on agroforestry landscapes has not been widely studied. Synergism in the development of PHU connectivity can be done through the determination of superior commodities in each physiography. The superior product per physiography in the PHU is an integrated cluster both vertical and horizontal value chain. This is known as a Porterian cluster. This study aims to build the concept of PHU connectivity through the development of multi-businesses based on agroforestry landscapes. The research was conducted in Tumbang Nusa Village. The study showed that natural and physical capitals in all categories of villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village are categorized as high and very high, respectively, while the availability of human capital in all categories is low. The availability of financial capital for the villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village in Category I is high, moderate for categories II and III, and low for categories IV and V. The availability of social capital for citizens in all categories is high. An important source of livelihood for the households of the villagers of Tumbang Nusa Village is natural capital, financial capital and social capital which comes in various forms. The contribution of agroforestry to the total income of farmer households ranges from 22.81% - 79.80%. The adaptation strategy that is mostly carried out by households in all levels of welfare categories is the economic adaptation strategy.

The Lake Toba Catchment Area (LTCA) has degraded due to a lack of implementation of conservation principles. Agroforestry is one of the land-use techniques with a conservation approach. Agroforestry development in LTCA should be supported by stakeholders, especially farmers. Farmers’ support will be formed if they have a good perception and interest in developing the agroforestry systems. The study aims to determine farmers’ characteristics, perceptions, and interests in agroforestry development in LTCA. The study was conducted from July until August 2019 at Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire with 30 respondents. Measurement of farmers’ perception and interest use a Likert scale. The data were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the farmers’ age is dominated by the productive phase (30-50 years old); they are only completed elementary schools, with average landholding was <0.3 ha, and farming experience >10 years. Farmers’ perceptions and interests in agroforestry development in LTCA are in good categories, each with a score of 4.18. These perceptions and interests of farmers are supporting factors that would positively impact the development of sustainable agroforestry in LTCA.

Excessive exploitation without cultivation caused harvest of masoyi (Cryptocarya Massoy (Oken) Kosterm) from forest to be more difficult. Cultivation outside of natural habitat becomes important to ensure sustainable masoyi oil production. This research presents information on the prospects for cultivation and growth rates of masoyi plants outside natural habitats. The research method used a plot design conducted at three locations, namely (1) Haurbentes Research Forest, Bogor Regency, West Java Province; (2) Boalemo Protection Forest Management Unit (PFMU), Gorontalo Province; and (3) community land in East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The results showed that the soil characteristics in the Haurbentes Research Forest were more suitable for masoyi plant growth. This is because the Haurbentes area has a texture of clay dust, climate classification tipe A. However, the characteristics of growing areas in Boalemo and East Lombok showed that masoyi plants were still able to grow. Thus, masoyi plants have the potential to be cultivated outside their natural habitat.

Currently the type of wood in community forests on Java Island is dominated by sengon species. However, this type faces problems with attacks of gall rust diseases One of the potential species as a substitute for light construction wood is binuang bini (Octomeles sumatrana Miq.). To increase stand productivity, it is necessary to apply the right silvicultural techniques. The purpose of this study was to find out the right silvicultural technique in order to increase the productivity of the binuang bini stands. The study design used a split plot design. The results showed that the organic fertilizer dose had a significant effect on the growth of the diameter and height of binuang bini stands. Fertilizing used bioactive compost charcoal with a dosage of 4 kg / planting hole can increase the growth in height and diameter of binuang bini plants was twice that of control treatment at the age of 30 months after planting. The pattern of binuang bini planting can be mixed with the other species such as Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) and/or Trema (Trema orientalis L.)