Field studies on a remote, sheltered gravel beach have monitored the fate of 15 m3 of aged medium crude oil that was released onto the water surface and allowed to strand. The initial volume of oil (5.3 m3) retained on the shore in August 1981 was reduced to 1.3 m3 by August 1985, but oil that had been contained within an intertidal asphalt pavement remained relatively unweathered. By 1985, the pavement accounted for almost 30% of the oil remaining on the beach, even though it covered only 5% of the contaminated area. Oil-in-sediment concentrations remained high in the pavement samples (19,000 mg/kg); elsewhere on the beach, the concentrations in surface sediment samples ranged between 50 and 4,000 mg/kg, and the oils had undergone considerably greater evaporative weathering and biodegradation.
INTRODUCTIONThe gathering and use of farm financial information is not usually considered a very sexy topic. It is, however, an area with several interesting problems that will provide considerable challenge and possible excitement for researchers in the next few years. The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF) is involved in several projects involving both collection and use of such information. I start by outlining several projects and very quickly list their application. Then I concentrate in the area of livestock, mentioning a project we are working on and its applications, known as the BEAR model. I conclude with a disucssion of some problems and areas where I feel research should be directed.The Ontario Farm Management Analysis Project (OFMAP) is a wellestablished project, collecting enterprise information from approximately 2,200 Ontario farmers. The records of about 40% of these are used to publish representative budgets, and participants receive copies of their own farm analysis. Participating farmers attempt to provide costs and revenues necessary to establish enterprise budgets from their own farm records. The farmers' records are often not designed to accurately portray the performance of individual enterprises. The purpose of the OFMAP study is to provide individual farmers with an analysis of their operation, to then assist in problem identification and farm decision making. The project is a cooperative venture between OMAF, the University of Guelph and the Farm Credit Corporation. Although averages and the results from the top third are published for several types of farms, the main usefulness of this information
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.