A robust and cost-effective system has been developed to allow monitoring of performance of routine retinal screening which may be extended to meet current national recommendations.

The Act on the Elimination of Disability Discrimination, which took effect in 2016, stipulates that institutes of higher education in Japan should provide reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities (SWDs). Foreign language programs are no exception; however, language teaching professionals commonly lack the background, knowledge, or training to best serve SWDs. As the number of SWDs enrolled in higher education in Japan continues to rise, there is an ever-growing need for collaboration between program administrators, disability specialists, and teachers in order to meet a diversity of student needs. Rikkyo University’s Center for English Discussion Class employs an 8-stage framework modified from Ortiz & Yates (2001) that emphasizes collaboration within Multidisciplinary Teams to provide a continuum of services to SWDs. The nature of this collaboration and results from a questionnaire of the framework’s efficacy from the teachers’ standpoint are shared and discussed. 障害者差別解消法は2016年に施行され、日本の高等教育機関が障害学生（SWDs）に対し合理的配慮をすることを義務づけている。語学機関も例外ではない。しかし、語学教員は、SWDsに対応するための知識や訓練等を欠くことが多い。日本の高等教育機関のSWDsの入学率が上昇し続ける中、語学教育機関の管理職、障害のスペシャリスト、そして教員が協力し、学生の多様なニーズに答える必要性は高まりつつある。立教大学英語ディスカッション教育センターは、SWDsに途切れのないサービスを提供するために、学際的チーム内のコラボレーションを強調したOrtiz & Yates（2001）の８段階のフレームワークを修正し、用いた。このコラボレーションの特徴と教員の立場からのフレームワークの有効性に関するアンケートの結果を共有し、考察する。

Turn-taking remains an underemphasized aspect of foreign language instruction. As more is understood about this central component of interactional competence, foreign language teachers will need to consider the best ways to teach students how to take turns speaking and managing the floor in the target language. This paper provides a brief outline of turn-taking mechanics as originally defined by Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson (1974) before providing contrastive models for turn-taking in English and Japanese. Some recommendations for classroom instruction targeting turn-taking for EFL students in Japan, as well as a call for greater sensitivity to this fundamental aspect of communicative competence, are also provided. 外国語教育において、「話者交替」の重要性はまだ十分に注目されていない。相互行為能力の中心的構成要素である話者交替についての理解が深まるにつれ、外国語教育者は目標言語でどのように交替しながら話し、場の進行をすればいいかを教授するための最善の方法を考える必要が出てくるだろう。本論では、Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson (1974) によって定義された話者交替の働きについての概要を説明した後に、英語と日本語での話者交替の対照モデルについて述べる。日本の英語学習者に話者交替を教える際にクラス内で推奨されるいくつかの教授法と、話者交替というコミュニケーション能力の重要な一面に対するより細やかな配慮への必要性についても述べる。

Despite the ubiquitous presence of students with disabilities (SWDs) enrolled in institutes of higher education around the world, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs are often underequipped to provide them with appropriate and effective disability services and inclusive instruction. Given the general uncertainty among EFL professionals of how to provide such services and instruction, and considering that postsecondary EFL learning environments can differ considerably from context to context, it may be useful for language program leaders to create context-specific support systems to serve SWDs enrolled in their courses. The present paper provides a set of practical guidelines for establishing an institutional or departmental policy and procedure for ensuring a continuum of services to SWDs in contexts where such measures do not already exist, as is the case in many postsecondary EFL learning environments around the world. These guidelines are presented as a set of eight steps in a suggested sequence of execution: identify existing policies or create new ones, identify and determine the availability of resources, identify and remove barriers in the learning environment, assign clear roles and responsibilities for leadership, create a framework for service delivery, include a provision for post-implementation evaluation, offer opportunities for professional growth and creation of expertise, and share best practices with practitioners in other contexts.

Quality assurance (QA) is a necessary component of language education that is too often overlooked or absent in Japanese higher education institutions. This paper discusses the notion of QA in language education generally, briefly outlines the landscape of QA in postsecondary English language programs in Japan, and discusses some organizational factors that may help or hinder QA in such contexts. The paper concludes with recommendations for how postsecondary English language programs in Japan can offer more robust QA measures in order to provide a uniform standard of course and lesson delivery to all students. 質保証は言語教育になくてはならない一要素であるが、日本の高等教育機関においては、あまりにも見過ごされたり、欠けていたりしている。そこで本論は言語教育一般の質保証の観念について述べる。まず、日本の高等教育の英語教育プログラムにおける質保証の状況を簡単に概観し、その中で質保証の助けまたは妨げになるようないくつかの組織的な要因について論じる。最後に、日本の高等教育における英語教育プログラムが、全ての学生に対し、コースや授業の統一された基準を提供するべく、いかにより堅ろうな質保証の対策が講じられるかを提案する。