One of the major trends in mobility nowadays is the usage of electric motors in vehicles, encouraged by governments worldwide in search to decrease pollutant emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This has introduced a whole new challenge for the noise and vibration attributes on motor design, since although there is no combustion phenomena and the gearbox is greatly reduced or non-existent in electric vehicles, new acoustical phenomena happens, such as structural vibrational modes of the stator, or power electronics controller frequency operation. Usually the noise is at higher frequencies than what is experienced on internal combustion engines, which sometimes can lead to a worse acoustic perception of the product. This paper present some of the main noise sources of common electric inner-rotor motor design, and elaborate on typical challenges and particularities of its experimental NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) test and analysis, in comparison to what is common practice on ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) testing and instrumentation.
RESUMOA causa raiz do problema de vibração de um veículo pode ser atribuída a diferentes fontes e subsistemas do veículo, dependendo do fenômeno vibracional, sua amplitude e frequência. Coxins do motor, elementos de amortecimento no chassis e flexibilidade estrutural da carroceria também possuem papel chave no comportamento vibracional do veículo. Assim, o modelo virtual do veículo para simulação de CAE (Computer-aided Engineering) deve incluir não somente a representação das propriedades dinâmicas de seus subsistemas, mas também as entradas de energia e excitação no sistema (perfil da pista e cargas internas do motor, por exemplo). Por isso, modelos numéricos mais precisos podem ser alcançados ao utilizar dados obtidos experimentalmente, através de testes.Estudar o comportamento vibracional de um veículo somente através de métodos de simulação, ou somente com testes, isoladamente, tem como resultado um entendimento limitado do mecanismo que gera as vibrações e sua causa raiz, ou na incapacidade de propor soluções realistas e viáveis. Resultados mais precisos e efetivos são obtidos ao mesclar estas duas abordagens em um processo único. Esse artigo apresenta uma metodologia baseada nesta combinação para aprimorar o comportamento de trepidação (ride shake) e booming de baixa frequência de um veículo comercial, e disserta na escalabilidade desse processo, sendo possível o adaptar para um espectro amplo de estudos de diferentes atributos. ABSTRACTThe root cause of the vibrational problem of a vehicle can be attributed to different sources and vehicle subsystems, depending on the vibration phenomenon, its amplitude and its frequency range. Powertrain mounts, chassis damping elements and upper body structural flexibility also play a major role on this subject. Therefore, the virtual vehicle model for CAE simulation must include representation not only of the dynamic properties of its subsystems, but also of the excitation inputs (road profile, engine internal loads). Hence, better prediction levels can be reached by using in the model test measured data.To study a vehicle vibrational behavior with solely CAE or test methods usually results in limited understanding of the vibration generation mechanism and root cause, or in being O estudo foi realizado em cinco fases:
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