The author discusses factors that shape the subjective meanings each member of the couple gives to marital interactions and the intersubjective disjunctions between the partners that can result. These include adaptive, self-protective mechanisms, the wish for mastery, guilt, and defense against grieving. Through illuminating these factors, psychoanalytic couple therapy can enhance empathic awareness of how each partner's attitudes, actions, and once adaptive defenses can actualize the other's transference expectations and evoke his or her painful and traumatic childhood relationships and experiences.
A dynamic model of an atmospheric pressure fluidized-bed steam generation system is presented which allows digital simulation and analytical controller design. The nonlinear, time-invariant, deterministic, continuous-time model is derived in state-space form from conservation relations, empirical correlations and system design data. The model has been verified for steady-state and transient performance with measured data from experimental test runs. Transient responses of several process variables, following independent step disturbances in coal feed rate and air flow, are illustrated.
To design an improved fuel controller for an operating, 386 MW(e), oil-fired power generation system, a mathematical model of the plant was developed from fundamental principles to predict thermal-hydraulic transients. This controller was successfully implemented in the actual plant by replacing a portion of the original control system. It was shown that the resulting minimum operating level of the system could be reduced from 220 MW (e) to flash tank level of 130 MW(e), and the customary load rate of change during normal operation improved from approximately 2 MW/min to 9 MW/min. Operation of the plant on automatic dispatch was subsequently demonstrated.
A central developmental task of the family is to help its members develop the capacity to cope with the grief attendant on separation and loss. In order to work through such feelings, each member must first be able to acknowledge the affect as present, internal, and belonging to the self. Depending on the degree of intrapsychic differentiation, and the dread of abandonment, family members may seek to avoid awareness of such feelings within themselves. The disclaimed emotions remain powerful unconscious motivators of behavior, exerting their influence despite their denial. Some typical clinical illustrations of this are provided. Excerpts from conjoint family therapy are then presented to illustrate the therapeutic interventions made in assisting a family to acknowledge denied grief over the separation of one of its members along with unspoken tender feelings within the family. This paper affirms the continued relevance of a psychodynamic, interpretative approach for families struggling with unresolved grief.
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