No abstract

In the modern knowledge economy higher educational institutions are being required to operate more entrepreneurially, commercialising the results of their research and spinning out new, knowledge-based enterprises. Like most large organisations, particularly those operating in the public sector, they are not traditionally suited to this role and often face the same sort of barriers to intrapreneurial activity as their counterparts in the private sector. In this note, the theories of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship development are used to identify what needs to be done and a case example is provided. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, universities, M130 – Entrepreneurship (New Firms: Startups), I280 – Education: Government Policy, L200 – Firm Objectives, Organisation, and Behaviour: General, L330 – Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises,

Examines the characteristics and role of the entrepreneur and the challenges for business schools posed by the need to develop more enterprising individuals. Argues that the traditional education system stultifies rather than develops the requisite attributes and skills to produce entrepreneurs, and proposes that if entrepreneurs are to be developed, considerable changes are required in both the content and process of learning. In particular it suggests that there needs to be a shift in the emphasis from educating “about” entrepreneurship to educating “for” it. Stresses equally that entrepreneurship should not be equated with new venture creation or small business management, but with creativity and change. In this context proposes that educational institutions need to change the process of learning to enable their students to develop their right brain entrepreneurial capabilities as well as their left‐brain analytical skills. As Chia argues, business schools need to weaken the thought processes so as to encourage and stimulate the entrepreneurial imagination.

Entrepreneurial universities where multifaceted efforts are made to ensure their contribution to regional economic development have been the focus of many case studies. Using institutional economics as the theoretical framework, we conducted two empirical investigations to advance the literature concerning entrepreneurial universities. First, experts in the field evaluated the appropriateness of several competing definitions of the entrepreneurial university. They also rated facilitators and barriers to universities becoming more entrepreneurial and suggested criteria for evaluating the success of such efforts. Second, the facilitators and barriers previously identified were examined for their relationship to the entrepreneurial success criteria using ratings from the faculty at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain). Although the facilitating factors were positively associated with success indices of the entrepreneurial university, the expected negative relationship between the barriers and success criteria was not observed.

The British University in EgyptThis study provides a deeper understanding of the relevance of the entrepreneurship phenomenon to the franchisee context. A number of studies have echoed that the franchisee plays an important role in the generation of new ideas and innovations for the franchise system. But we still do not know how franchisees maximize their entrepreneurial behaviors without jeopardizing the desires for standardization and uniformity, which are building blocks of franchising. We address this research question, using evidence from multiple case studies of UK-based franchisees. The study revealed patterns that were used to develop a theoretical model, which demonstrates the utilization of different forms of formal franchisee networks for maximization of entrepreneurial behaviors through acquisition of relational and informational capital, intra-system competition, and franchisee learning. This study extends the literature on franchising and entrepreneurship, and offers important managerial implications for practitioners. Future research directions are discussed.