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» Periprosthetic distal femoral fracture after total knee arthroplasty carries substantial morbidity and mortality regardless of fixation technique.» Surgical treatment is favored in most patients compared with conservative therapy because of high rates of nonunion, malunion, and reoperation after casting or bracing.» Internal fixation techniques including retrograde intramedullary nailing and locked plating are favored for surgical treatment in most fractures when bone stock in the distal fragment allows for appropriate fixation.» In the setting of deficient distal femoral bone stock or femoral component loosening, revision arthroplasty with distal femoral replacement is the favored technique.» Further studies with regard to the use of intramedullary nailing, locked plating, and distal femoral replacement are necessary to refine the indications for each technique and to define the use of combinations of these fixation techniques.

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Early onset scoliosis can be both a disfiguring as well as a life threatening condition. When more conservative treatments fail, pediatric spinal surgeons are forced to consider operative interventions. Traditionally, these interventions have involved the insertion of a variety of implants into the patient with a limited number of anchor points controlling the spine. In the past, these pediatric patients have had multiple surgeries for elective lengthening of these devices to facilitate their growth while attempting to control the scoliosis. These patients often experience a physical and emotional toll from their multiple repeated surgeries. Growing spine techniques have also had a noted high complication rate due to implant dislodgement and infections. Recently, the development of non-invasively, self-lengthening growing rods has occurred. These devices have the potential to allow for the devices to be lengthened magnetically in a conscious patient in the surgeon's office. Areas covered: This review summarized previously published articles in the English literature using a key word search in PubMed for: 'magnetically controlled growing rods', 'Magec rods', 'magnetic growing rods' and 'growing rods'. Expert commentary: Magnetically controlled growing rods have an advantage over growing rods in lengthening the growing spine in the absence of repetitive surgeries.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the setting of previous hip fusion is rare with a paucity of evidence in the orthopaedic literature. Traditionally, TKA is performed supine, with the aid of knee-positioning devices allowing for hip flexion and range of motion of the knee to facilitate ease of surgical intervention. However, TKA using traditional positioning would not be possible in the presence of ipsilateral hip arthrodesis preventing hip motion. This case report describes a TKA performed for a 72-year-old woman with end-stage osteoarthritis of the right knee, ipsilateral hip arthrodesis, and leg-length discrepancy as the sequelae of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. We describe novel surgical positioning to be used to facilitate TKA in the absence of ipsilateral hip motion with bed modifications and the use of an extremity positioning device.