The shape of the boundary of the geomagnetic field in a solar wind has been calculated by a self‐consistent method in which, in first order, approximate magnetic fields are used to calculate a boundary surface. The electric currents in this boundary produce magnetic fields, which can be calculated once the first surface is known. These are added to the dipole field to give more accurate fields, which are then used to compute a new surface. This iterative procedure converges rapidly, and the final surface may be tested by finding how close the total fields outside the boundary are to the required value of zero. The result of this stringent test is that the magnetic fields in the plasma outside the fourth surface and within twice the distance to the boundary on the solar side are everywhere less than 1 per cent of the geomagnetic dipole field in the absence of a solar wind. This surface has been used to calculate the perturbation of the geomagnetic field by the solar wind; the results of these calculations, plus a number of applications, are given in an accompanying paper.

The interactions between the positively charged neuropeptides substance P (SP), bradykinin (BK), and zwitterionic Met-enkephalin (ME) neuropeptides, and negatively charged SDS and zwitterionic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) membrane model systems, have been investigated using one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments. Proton longitudinal relaxation studies were used to characterize these interactions as intrinsic or extrinsic. An extrinsic interaction are similar to those observed for extrinsic membrane proteins. An intrinsic interaction are similar to those observed for intrinsic membrane proteins, and would require that the hydrophobic residues penetrate or insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The interactions between both SP and BK and SDS, based on nmr results, may be characterized as intrinsic, and the interaction between ME and SDS may be characterized as extrinsic. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments proved the insertion of the phenylalanine residues on both SP and BK into the hydrophobic core of SDS micelles. The interaction between SP and BK with LPC based on nmr results are characterized as extrinsic, with the interaction between ME and SDS characterized as weakly intrinsic.

In this investigation the terrestrial magnetic dipole field is assumed to exist in an intense stream of protons and electrons emanating from the sun which behaves as a diamagnetic medium terminating the earth's magnetic field at about 7 earth radii on the daylit side and up to perhaps 100 earth radii on the night side of the earth. By detailed examination of particle trajectories the interaction between plasma and magnetic field is shown to occur within a negligibly thin current sheath enveloping the earth. Numerical solutions of the differential equation for the sheath surface reveals an approximately spherical surface on the daylit side giving rise to a more complicated expanding surface on the night side, including a prominent bump of reversed current sheath near the magnetic poles.

Palladium-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of corannulyne generated from 2-trimethylsilylcorannulenyl triflate produced a C 60 H 24 hydrocarbon that prefers a highly nonplanar "twist" conformation of C 1 symmetry, as demonstrated by X-ray crystal structure determination and HDFT calculations. Its three corannulene subunits, identical in the idealized D 3h symmetry, exhibit dramatically different inversion barriers (from

An equatorial sheet current deduced from Pioneer 10 magnetic field observations has been added to a planetary dipole field to construct a model of magnetic field due to sources inside the magnetopause.This internal field has then been used to calculate the magnetopause•surface in a cyclic process to a fifth order, in cycles, at which the calculation converges.The resulting magnetopause is considerably flatter in shape than one resulting from a primarily dipole internal field source.The field internal and external to the magnetopause surface due to the currents on the surface has been computed by integrating over the entire magnetopause.A model for the total magnetospheric field of the inflated magnetosphere has been constructed by adding this latter contribution to the internal source fields to obtain a global model of an inflated Jovianlike magnetospheric field.