SummaryLiver-directed therapies are continuing to evolve in the field of interventional oncology and are gaining increasing use in the treatment of unresectable primary and secondary liver cancers. In this article, we review two liverdirected therapies that are currently used for the palliative treatment of primary and secondary hepatic tumours: transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE), including a new type of TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE), and radioembolisation. The concept of these transcatheter intraarterial therapies is to selectively deliver high doses of anticancer treatment to the tumour. While TACE delivers one or more chemotherapeutic drugs into the hepatic arteries supplying the tumour, radioembolisation uses non-embolic microspheres incorporating the radioactive isotope 90 Y. In this article, we discuss some technical aspects, patient selection, current clinical evidence, and future directions of TACE, TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) and radioembolisation for primary and secondary liver cancer.

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Background and objective: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious condition occurring in 2%-4% of patients after acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is a potential cure for technically operable disease. The epidemiology and long-term outcomes of CTEPH have not been previously described in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Data were extracted from the Pulmonary Hypertension Society of Australia and New Zealand (PHSANZ) registry for patients diagnosed with CTEPH between January 2004 and March 2020. Baseline characteristics, treatment strategies, outcome data and long-term survival are reported. Results: A total of 386 patients were included with 146 (37.8%) undergoing PEA and 240 (62.2%) in the non-PEA group. PEA patients were younger (55 AE 16 vs. 62 AE 16 years, p < 0.001) with higher baseline 6-min walk distance (6MWD; 405 AE 122 vs. 323 AE 146 m, p = 0.021), whilst both groups had similar baseline