Now customer relationship marketing (CRM) solutions might be the hottest topic in business world. CRM impelled the growth of both B2B and B2C markets. But the issue is how to apply the cutting‐edge CRM solutions. Do people really understand what CRM is and why they should install CRM? The mistaken concept of CRM may have disastrous effects on the company. This paper begins with the basic concepts of CRM, elaborates the characteristics, reviews its brief history and addresses the current status of CRM. Then it develops the extended concepts of CRM from micro‐ and macro‐ perspectives. In the “Implementation and tips” section, it concludes the proper steps to approach CRM and how to bear a right attitude towards CRM solutions. Related Government rules are also covered.

When treating ureteral calculi, retropulsion can be reduced by using a longer pulse width without compromising fragmentation efficiency. For caliceal calculi, the longer pulse width in combination with a 400-microm fiber provides more effective stone fragmentation.

A 1989 survey provides insights on how utilities perceive taste and odor problems in their water supplies, what treatment processes they use, and which processes they rated effective. A taste and odor questionnaire was sent to 826 water utilities. A total of 377 usable responses were received from across the United States and Alberta, Canada. Sixteen percent of the utilities considered their taste and odor problems to be serious, and 43 percent had experienced a taste and odor event lasting longer than one week. The major odor problems reported by the utilities were characterized as chlorine, earthy, fishy, and medicinal; major taste problems were reported as sour, metallic, and chlorine. There were differences between the taste and odor problems encountered by utilities treating groundwater and those treating surface water. Most utilities attributed taste and odor problems to the distribution system. In addition, groundwater plants identified the disinfectant used and mineral residuals as other sources of taste and odor problems. Surface water systems blamed plankton and decaying vegetation in the influent water, the disinfectant used, and conditions at reservoirs.

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PurposeThis paper seeks to propose a business intelligence (BI) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) integrated framework that adds value to enterprise systems.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach is taken.FindingsERP systems integrate all facets of the business and make data available in real time. BI tools are capable of accessing data directly from ERP modules.Originality/valueThe value‐added system proposed allows enterprise‐wide transaction data to be collected and analyzed for organizational decision‐making processes.