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Access networks, in particular, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) equipment, are a significant source of energy consumption for wireline operators. Replacing large monolithic DSLAMs with smaller remote DSLAM units closer to customers can reduce the energy consumption as well as increase the reach of the access network. This paper attempts to formalize the design and optimization of the "last mile" wireline access network with energy as one of the costs to be minimized. In particular, the placement of remote DSLAM units needs to be optimized. We propose solutions for two scenarios. For the scenario where an existing all-copper network from the central office to the customers is to be transformed into a fiber-copper network with remote DSLAM units, we present optimal polynomial-time solutions. In the green-field scenario, both the access network layout and the placement of remote DSLAM units must be determined. We show that this problem is NP-complete. We present an optimal ILP formulation and also design an efficient heuristic-based approach to build a power-and-cost-optimized access network. Our heuristic-based approach yields results that are very close to optimal. We show how the power consumption of the access network can be reduced by carefully laying the access network and introducing remote DSLAM units.

The only way we'll get freedom for ourselves is to [remember that we are] blood brothers to the people of Brazil, Venezuela, Haiti and Cuba.-MalcolM X t he crises facing aggrieved communities all around the world are generating not only new works of expressive culture, but also new social relations guiding their production, distribution and reception. Our work with Kombit Pou Haiti 2010 exemplifies this process.Kombit Pou Haiti 2010 was a project born of three acknowledgments: First was that the earthquake in Haiti, one of a long line of tragedies affecting this nation and its people, also constitutes an opportunity, a window, to lay bare the history of abuse and neglect of the well-being of Haiti and its people. This opportunity has been presented to us many times in the past, and while some artists, activists, and scholars have labored to maintain a clear view through this window into the problems attendant on the region, not nearly enough action has resulted to impact Haiti meaningfully in a sustained way.Second was that the future of Haiti, if it is to be a positive and productive and meaningful future, is reliant on the compassion and purpose that individuals and groups bring to collective endeavors.Third was that much of the "help for Haiti" initiated in the weeks after the earthquake, both in its nature and its implementation, duplicated some of the Chuck D (Carlton Ridenhour) is a founding member of the rap group Public Enemy, which is dedicated to raising political and social consciousness through music. He is the author (with Yusuf Jah) of Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality and continues his work as an activist, publisher, lecturer, and producer.Gaye Theresa Johnson is an associate professor of Black studies at