Many published studies suggest possible benefits from using gamified media in medical curriculum. This is a rapidly growing field. More research is required to rigorously evaluate the specific educational benefits of these interventions. This archive of hyperlinked tools can be used as a resource for all levels of medical trainees, providers, and educators.

This study examines the demographic and prescribing characteristics of Phase IV clinical investigators who subsequently increase their prescribing level of the study drug.

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This study examined the effects of systematic computer programming and problem-solving instruction on problem-solving skills and attitudes. Two hundred seventy-two elementary and junior high students were exposed to one of four computer programming and problem-solving treatments for a period of twenty weeks. Elementary students received programming instruction in Logo, while junior high students studied BASIC. Results indicated that computer programming alone was ineffective in teaching problem solving. However, when paired with systematic problem-solving instruction, learners demonstrated significant learning gains.A dramatic revelation of the educational reform movement in the mid eighties was the lack of focus on problem solving and higher-order cognitive skills in the public schools. Partly due to a desire to increase student and teacher accountability and partly to address the "back to basics" challenge, many school systems have neglected problem-solving skills. Nearly 200 calls for curriculum reform issued since 1980 have urged a greater emphasis on higher order cognitive skills, and today, virtually all 50 states are considering such reforms.Concurrently, the proliferation of microcomputers across the nation has created an added impetus to shift the curriculum away from the "three 'Rs," and toward higher cognitive skills. Some have argued that computers have been "sold" as the ideal mechanism for teaching these skills [l].For a variety of reasons, computer programming, with either BASIC or Logo, remains a primary means through which computers are used to teach problem 483 0 1991, Baywood Publishing Co., he. / DALTON AND GOODRUMsolving [2]. Papert argues that learning computer programming with Logo is an ideal environment for learning problem-solving skills [3]. Other Logo proponents assert that programming fosters problem solving through "top-down thinking," a problem-solving model, whereby large problems are separated into manageable components that are solved individually and then assembled into the correct solution to the problem [4]. Papert also argues that programming encourages learners to evaluate their solutions and thinking processes. This metacognitive process allows the student transfer newly acquired problem-solving skills to novel problem situations.According to Lawler, programming encourages learners to improve problem solutions [5]. Through "debugging" or "stepwise refinement," learners are able to correct small problems in their procedures and produce a solution to the programming problem.Research on programming processes supports the use of stepwise refinement and top-down thinking. Through experience, programming experts develop libraries of short programs or "templates" that perform specific program functions [6]. Templates might include routines for solving financial calculations, displaying animation sequences, or providing feedback and reinforcement. With practice, experts are able to simplify complicated programming tasks by applying these templates in a top-down fashion. Expert prog...