reported by Hillinger (1980, Experiment 3). He used a priming technique in which subjects made a lexical decision about visual prime-and target-letter strings. In a test that assessed whether phonological information is automatically accessed, performance when targets were primed by phonologically similar but graphemically different words (e.g., EIGHT-MATE) was compared with performance when primes were neutral (e.g., ******-MATE). Hillinger found that, relative to the neutral-prime baseline, lexical decisions were facilitated by phonological priming. This indicates that phonological information from the prime affected target recognition. There are at least two ways in which such a facilitatory priming effect could occur. One is by the prime automatically activating representations common to both stimuli. The other is by subjects using phonological information from the prime to anticipate the target (Posner, 1978; Posner & Snyder, 1975). Such an anticipatory strategy would lead to incorrect expectations when primes and targets are unrelated, precipitating an inhibition effect relative to the neutral condition (Mclean & Shulman, 1978; Neely, 1977). Since, in Hillinger's (1980) study, no inhibition effect was found when primes and targets were phonologically unrelated (e.g., VEIL-MATE), it appears that subjects did not anticipate targets from the phonological properties of primes.

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Injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Although these injures generally resolve with non-operative treatment reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle is occasionally necessary. We report the surgical technique and result of reconstruction of the anterior talo-fibular ligament using a semi-tendinosis free graft in 26 patients with an average follow-up of 24 months. 81% of patients reported complete resolution or substantial improvement in instability, swelling and sharp pain. Episodes of functional instability persisted in five patients post operatively. No significant differences were noted between the operated and contra-lateral non-operated ankle in range of motion or uniaxial balance assessment. Kin-Com testing of hamstring strength showed no differences between sides. Short term results suggest that this ligament reconstruction provides good results without sacrifice of peroneal function and has minimal donor site morbidity.

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