This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov.

International H1 2022 Installations• H1 2022 PV installations increased significantly (y/y) in China (137%) and India (82%), and to a lesser extent Germany (16%).-The China Photovoltaic Industry Association expects total 2022 installations in China to be GW-90 GW, far exceeding last year's record of 55 GW. -JMK Research expects India to install 20 GW in 2022.• India's 2022 cumulative solar targets are 60 GW for utility-scale solar and 40 GW for rooftop solar. It is expected to come close to achieving its utility-scale PV target, but it will likely fall short of its rooftop solar target by 25 GW.

Notes: E = estimate, P = projection. Bars represents median projections for analyses with country-level estimates. Error bars represent high and low projections. Not all sources have data for all categories.

Global Solar Deployment• IEA reported that in 2022, 231 GWdc of PV was installed globally, bringing cumulative PV installs to 1.2 TWdc.-China's annual PV installations grew 57% y/y in 2022, representing 42% of total global demand, with the majority coming from distributed PV.-The U.S. was the second-largest market in terms of cumulative and annual installations.• Analyst project 2023 annual installations to grow to more than 300 GW and by 2025 more than 400 GW. U.S. PV Deployment• In 2022, PV represented approximately 46% of new U.S. electric generation capacity, compared to 4% in 2010. • Solar still represented only 9.0% of net summer capacity and 4.7% of annual generation in 2022. • However, 16 states generated more than 5% of their electricity from solar, with California leading the way at 27.3%. • The United States installed 17.0 GWac (20.2 GWdc) of PV in 2022, ending the year with 110.1 GWac (140.6 GWdc) of cumulative PV installations. • The United States installed approximately 14.1 GWh, 4.8 GWac of energy storage onto the electric grid in 2022, up 34% y/y. PV System and Component Pricing• The median system price for a select group of utility-scale PV projects in 2022 was $1.49/Wac-up 13% y/y.• The median reported price by EnergySage for residential PV systems increased 6.3% y/y to $2.85/Wdc -the third straight period of increase, after never having done so before.

Improvements to heliostat cost, performance, and reliability are necessary to achieve the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 2030 SunShot target for CSP of $0.05/kWh with 12 hours of thermal energy storage (TES) in the Southwest (DOE SETO 2021b). Low-cost, highperformance Generation 3 (Gen3) CSP technologies are expected to integrate with hightemperature tower receivers and TES with advanced supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles. DOE recently down-selected the solid-particle pathway as the most likely to meet the 2030