Young people have been hit hard by unemployment during the Irish recession. While much research has been undertaken to study the effects of the recession on overall labour market dynamics, little is known about the specific effects on youth unemployment and the associated challenges. This paper attempts to fill this gap by comparing the profile of transitions to work before the recession (2006) and as the economy emerged from the recession (2011). The results indicate that the rate of transition of the youth from unemployment to employment fell dramatically. The fall is not due to changes in the composition or the characteristics of the unemployed group but to changes in the external environment. These changes imply that the impact of certain individual characteristics changed over the course of the recession. In particular, for youth, education and nationality have become more important for finding a job in Ireland.This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Ireland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/ireland)
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This paper fits Markov switching models to quarterly New Zealand aggregate GDP growth rates for the period 1978:1 to 2003:2 in order to analyse changes in mean and volatility over time. The models considered are drawn from a simple class of parsimonious, four state, Markov switching models which encompass a wide range of stationary time series behaviour from linear AR(1) models to non-linear models with persistent cycles and outliers. An overall objective is to use the models to help understand and identify changes in the historical growth performance of New Zealand's small open economy, particularly pre and post wide ranging economic reforms. Conclusions to emerge are that, in contrast to the 1980s, New Zealand GDP growth experienced an unusually long period of time in high growth and low volatility regimes since the early 1990s. In addition, New Zealand does not appear to have experienced the one-off drop in volatility in the early 1980's that has been commonly reported for other countries.
RésuméLes auteur appliquent des modèles alternatifs de Markov aux taux de croissance trimestriels du PIB global de la Nouvelle-Zélande pour la période 1978 :1 à 2003 :2 afin d'analyser les variations de moyenne et l'instabilité au fil du temps. Les modèles examinés sont tirés d'une catégorie simple de modèles alternatifs de Markov parcimonieux, comportant quatre états, qui couvrent un large éventail de séries temporelles stationnaires allant de modèles linéaires d'autorégression(1) à des modèles non linéaires avec des cycles persistants et des valeurs aberrantes. De manière générale, il s'agit d'utiliser les modèles pour mieux comprendre et identifier les modifications de la performance passée en matière de croissance de la petite économie ouverte qu'est la Nouvelle-Zélande, notamment avant et après les vastes réformes économiques. Les conclusions qui se dégagent sont que, à la différence des années 80, le PIB de la Nouvelle-Zélande a connu une période inhabituellement longue de forte croissance et de faible instabilité depuis le début des années 90. De plus, la Nouvelle-Zélande ne semble pas avoir été affectée par la baisse exceptionnelle de l'instabilité généralement observée pour les autres pays au début des années 80.
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