The employed nurse workforce would benefit from a psychosocial capacity building intervention that reduces a nurse's risk profile, thus enhancing retention.

Our results indicate a significant negative correlation between Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout (r = -0.531, p < 0.001) and between Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue (r = -0.208, p < 0.001), and a significant positive correlation between Burnout and Compassion Fatigue (r = 0.532, p < 0.001). Variations in self-reported levels of the above constructs were noted by key practice characteristics. Levels of all three constructs are significantly, but differentially, affected by type of service provided, principal institution, practice status and professional affiliation. Results indicate that health care systems could increase the prevalence of Compassion Satisfaction through both policy and institutional level programs to support HPC professionals in their jurisdictions.

With the current shift to include positive outcomes of trauma, this research was designed to explore factors that allow growth to occur. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model for understanding posttraumatic growth. A sample (N = 174) of bereaved HIV/AIDS caregivers completed questionnaires. Spirituality, social support, and stressors were found to have a positive relationship with growth. Facilitation of posttraumatic growth is crucial to all helping professions.

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A mirror effect was found for a stimulus manipulation introduced at test. When subjects studied a set of normal faces and then were tested with new and old faces that were normal or wearing sunglasses, the hit rate was higher and the false alarm rate was lower for normal faces. Hit rate differences were reflected in remember and sure recognition responses, whereas differences in false alarm rates were largely seen in know and unsure judgments. In contrast, when subjects studied faces wearing sunglasses, the hit rate was greater for test faces with sunglasses than for normal faces, but there was no difference in false alarm rates. These findings are problematic for single-factor theories of the mirror effect, but can be accommodated within a two-factor account.The mirror effect refers to the regularity of recognition memory in which classes of stimuli that are relatively easy to identify as old when old are also relatively easy to classify as new when new. In other words, the difference in discriminability is observed in both hit and false alarm rates rather than in only one of these measures. Glanzer and Adams (1985), in a review of80 recognition experiments, showed that the mirror effect can be seen for a variety of stimulus manipulations (e.g., natural language word frequency, concreteness, meaningfulness, and pictures vs. words) and that it holds for both yes/no and forced-choice recognition test procedures.The mirror effect has been extended to tests of associative recognition (Greene, 1996;Hockley, 1994) as well as discriminations of order (Greene, 1996) and frequency (Greene & Thapar, 1994); it is also reflected in measures ofresponse latency (Hockley, 1994). Hintzman, Caulton, and Curran (1994) have further demonstrated that dividing attention at test, or using a response-signal procedure to control processing time at retrieval, does not eliminate or attenuate the mirror effect. Hintzman et al. concluded that the mirror effect "may best be attributed to the inherent nature of the retrieval and judgment processes that underlie recognition memory" (p. 286). Hintzman et al. (1994) further noted that the mirror effect has proven to be difficult to account for in the context of most current models of recognition memory. This is because most models view recognition memory in terms