Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a complication caused by anti-resorptive agents and anti-angiogenesis drugs. Since we wanted to write a protocol for a randomized clinical trial (RCT), we reviewed the literature for the essential information needed to estimate the size of the active patient population and measure the effects of therapeutics. At the same time, we designed a questionnaire intended for clinicians to collect detailed information about their practices. Twelve essential criteria and seven additional items were identified and compiled from 43 selected articles. Some of these criteria were incorporated in the questionnaire coupled with data on clinical practices. Our review found extensive missing data and a lack of consensus. For example, the success rate often combined MRONJ stages, diseases, and drug treatments. The occurrence date and evaluation methods were not harmonized or quantitative enough. The primary and secondary endpoints, failure definition, and date coupled to bone measurements were not well established. This information is critical for writing a RCT protocol. With this review article, we aim to encourage authors to contribute all their findings in the field to bridge the current knowledge gap and provide a stronger database for the coming years.

In the field of E-learning, the goal of researchers in knowledge acquisition and transmission is to produce e-services that are genuinely useful, that is to say, perfectly adapted to their end-uses. Here, we will deal with the specificities of learning how to play a musical instrument for which the quality of learning depends on the quality of teaching methods. In this context, semantic management of tacit and explicit knowledge from experts and books is not enough. Knowledge engineers must also capture live interpretations of expert musicians to illustrate the lesson to be learned. To enhance these significations, Sign management is a concept that has more relevance than Knowledge management: it aims at indexing multimedia contents (i.e. annotations) on different on/off-line supports with formalized textual information (i.e. scores) in order to better share interpretations and viewpoints. In this paper, we explain our concept of Sign management in the new digital and relational ecosystem. We then describe an iterative method based on a Creativity Platform that establishes end-uses as the criterion by which e-services are developed. The Creativity Platform serves to better understand the transformation of a given tool (proposed offer) into an instrument (motivated demand), which, in turn, motivates the supply that is produced to meet the demand. We illustrate our method based on activity theory by using an example of instrumental e-learning, the e-guitar project. Finally, we discuss the pragmatic results of our co-design experience with end-users.

Introduction: Cervicofacial cellulitis resulting from common odontogenic infections is rare but serious, with life-threatening complications and potential general or local complications. Observation: Two cases are discussed here. The first observed case concerned a 32-year-old patient, affected by gangrenous cellulitis, following the avulsion of teeth number 38. The second observed case was of a chronic periapical infection being left untreated. The urgency of these two cases required the coordination of medical and surgical specialist teams to ensure a stable and successful treatment, involving surgical treatment, drug therapy, and reanimation. Discussion: The inadequate treatment or chronic dental infections, associated with immunosuppression and some cofactors (tobacco, alcohol, drugs, pregnancy, etc.), can lead to severe case of cellulitis. Medical and surgical management should be carried out as soon as possible to prevent the onset of serious complications such as mediastinitis, septic shock, and thrombophlebitis.