Product design is significantly dependent on its manufacturing processes. Machining, which is one of the subtractive processes, has a number of limitations related to the complexity of the product geometry [1]. Design of most products, which are to be produced by machining, is adapted to the technology itself [2].In the last decade, techniques that combine two or more manufacturing processes, such as subtractive and additive technologies, are gaining significant attention. This has resulted in many researches on the combination of subtractive and additive technologies. As a contribution to the field, in this paper an algorithm, which was developed for the purpose of being used with a hybrid manufacturing cell, is presented. The hybrid manufacturing cell was developed at institute SINTEF [3] to [5], where two manufacturing machines have been used/combined. The first machine is a Deckel-Maho 5-axis CNC milling center and the other is ConceptLaser M2 for selective laser melting of metal powders. The aim of the hybrid manufacturing cell is to automate the hybrid manufacturing process as much as possible, for the production of different products. The developed algorithm presented in this paper is a significant part of this automation chain. The desired operation of the control system in the hybrid manufacturing cell is to analyze the intended product CAD model with the mentioned algorithm and determine which parts are c be manufactured by the additive and which by the subtractive process.The first attempt to combine benefits of additive and subtractive manufacturing was the low cost integration of an arc welding unit on a 3-axis CNC milling center, presented in [6] and [7]. The main purpose of this research was to manufacture the near-net shape of the product by weld-deposition of material directly on the CNC machine table and then improve the quality of the product surface by milling. The idea is good, however, due to the rough nature of the welding process, the researched process demonstrates limited benefits of other additive manufacturing processes.Several researchers have published work on the methodology for the evaluation of manufacturing complexity for both additive and machining manufacturing [8]

Original scientific paper Cooling of injection moulds manufactured by machining has limitations because cooling channels are formed by conventional straight holes. With additive manufacturing, the cooling channels can be produced in the shape which is adjusted to the cavity and core surface of injection moulds. Those kinds of cooling channels are called the conformal cooling channels. Conformal cooling channels can significantly reduce cycle time of plastic injection moulding process and significantly improve the quality of products. Thus, in this work conformal cooling channels for industrial case study were constructed and analysed. Besides expected tests, cooling simulation has been performed, comparing conventional and proposed cooling technology. Results have been confirmed also by testing prototype with conformal cooling channels, showing significant improvement in reducing cycle time, more than 40 %. Keywords: additive manufacturing; conformal cooling; cooling simulation; hybrid manufacturing Simulacija hlađenja hibridno izrađenog alata za injekcijsko prešanje polimera s prilagođenim rashladnim kanalimaIzvorni znanstveni članak Hlađenje alata za injekcijsko prešanje polimera izrađenog obradom odvajanjem čestica ima ograničenja, jer su kanali za hlađenje sastavljeni od uobičajenih ravnih rupa. Aditivnom tehnologijom mogu se izraditi rashladni kanali koji su prilagođeni kalupnoj šupljini. Ta vrsta rashladnih kanala naziva se konformni rashladni kanali. Konformni rashladni kanali mogu znatno smanjiti vrijeme ciklusa proizvodnje pri injekcijskom prešanju i znatno poboljšati kvalitetu proizvoda. U ovom istraživanju su dizajnirani i analizirani konformni rashladni kanali kao zamjena za konvencionalne kanale u alatu za injekcijsko prešanje. Pored uobičajenih ispitivanja izvršena je simulacija hlađenja, uspoređujući konvencionalnu i predloženu tehnologiju hlađenja. Rezultati su potvrđeni i testiranjem prototipa s konformnim rashladnim kanalima, pokazujući značajno poboljšanje u smanjenju vremena, više od 40 %.