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The electric power system is currently undergoing a period of unprecedented changes. Environmental and sustainability concerns lead to replacement of a significant share of conventional fossil fuel-based power plants with renewable energy resources. This transition involves the major challenge of substituting synchronous machines and their well-known dynamics and controllers with power electronics-interfaced generation whose regulation and interaction with the rest of the system is yet to be fully understood. In this article, we review the challenges of such low-inertia power systems, and survey the solutions that have been put forward thus far. We strive to concisely summarize the laidout scientific foundations as well as the practical experiences of industrial and academic demonstration projects. We touch upon the topics of power system stability, modeling, and control, and we particularly focus on the role of frequency, inertia, as well as control of power converters and from the demand-side.

International audienceThis paper addresses the problem of synchronizing networks of nonidentical, nonlinear dynamical systems described by Euler-Lagrange equations, which are assumed fully-actuated, with their states available for measurement, but with unknown parameters. The only assumption made on the communication graph is that it is connected. Moreover, the communication is subject to constant time delays, which are also unknown. The main result of the paper is the construction of an adaptive controller that achieves global full-state synchronization, i.e., the difference between the agents positions and velocities asymptotically converges to zero. If a desired trajectory for all systems is given, a slight modification to the proposed scheme achieves also full-state synchronization. Simulations using a ten robot manipulator network are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed schemes

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