For a prolonged time, bus passengers condemn the touts in bus stands as distressing individuals. This perception is, being challenged by strong criticism, especially where the unemployment problem in the formal sector is rapidly increasing and poverty in most developing nations is extensively growing. Hence, making people choose informal jobs as the case of touts is apparent. Some scholars perceive the informal sector as a source of living and survival for the unemployed and young people not in the formal job. However, little is known about how touts as marginalised individuals survive in an informal sector setting such as bus terminals, where there are multiple working challenges. Primarily, this is due to data limitations about touts’ survival strategies in informal job. This research paper examines the networking strategies employed by touts in selected bus terminals - Temeke, Ubungo and Kimara in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to survive in the informal sector. The findings indicate that touts working in bus terminals are among the impoverished groups in the country. Touts’ economic survival in such an unsecured informal sector depends on the establishment of better social relations among themselves and their family members.

The article focused on examining how youth perception and use of social media  (SM) influences peace and conflicts among Tanzanians, using the Dar es Salaam  region as a case study. A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyse data.  A purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents, whereby youth,  local government officers and community residents were interviewed. The findings  revealed that SM has both advantages and disadvantages in promoting peace and  activating conflicts, depending on users’ perceptions and interests. SM facilitates  conflicts due to the Social Media Networks (SMNs) ability to spread fake news  quickly, unfounded claims, and rumours. These promote conflicts between political  opponents as well as causing mistrust among citizens and their leaders. Some  artists, especially comedians, instigate conflicts in society by editing political and  religious leaders’ messages. On the other hand, it was revealed that SM promotes  peace due to quicker transfer of relevant information that nurtures positive unit  values, solidarity, respect and love among the group, society members, and citizens.  These values promote good deeds, such as worshipping God, working and living  together amicably. However, the study found out that lack of appropriate education  on SM’s use and importance among many youths on youth development seems  to have hindered SM use in peace promotion. The study calls for strengthening  stakeholders’ initiative to educate and mobilise improved use of SM among youth  to sustain peace and security, which is a pre-condition for their self-development  and prosperity of their country.

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